prosthetic group

简明释义

辅基

英英释义

例句

1.The presence of a metal ion can enhance the activity of a (辅基) within an enzyme.

金属离子的存在可以增强酶内 （辅基） 的活性。

2.The enzyme requires a vitamin-derived (辅基) to function properly.

该酶需要一种维生素衍生的 （辅基） 才能正常工作。

3.Some enzymes have a tightly bound (辅基) that is crucial for their catalytic function.

一些酶有一个紧密结合的 （辅基），这对它们的催化功能至关重要。

4.Hemoglobin contains a heme (辅基) that is essential for oxygen transport.

血红蛋白包含一个 heme （辅基），这是氧气运输所必需的。

5.In photosynthesis, chlorophyll acts as a (辅基) in capturing light energy.

在光合作用中，叶绿素作为一个 （辅基） 来捕获光能。

作文

In the realm of biochemistry, the term prosthetic group refers to a non-polypeptide unit that is tightly and permanently attached to a protein. These groups play a crucial role in the functionality of many enzymes and proteins. Understanding the significance of prosthetic groups can deepen our appreciation for the intricate mechanisms of biological processes.Proteins are essential macromolecules that perform a vast array of functions in living organisms. They are made up of amino acids, which are linked together in specific sequences to form polypeptides. However, many proteins require additional components to function effectively. This is where prosthetic groups come into play. Unlike cofactors, which may be loosely associated with enzymes and can be removed without affecting the enzyme's structure, prosthetic groups are tightly bound to the protein, often through covalent bonds. This strong association means that they are an integral part of the protein's structure and stability.One of the most well-known examples of a prosthetic group is heme, which is found in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Heme consists of an iron ion contained within a porphyrin ring and is responsible for the binding of oxygen in the blood. Without the presence of this prosthetic group, hemoglobin would not be able to carry oxygen efficiently, leading to severe consequences for the organism. Similarly, in cytochromes, another class of proteins involved in electron transport, the presence of heme is vital for their function in cellular respiration.Another example of a prosthetic group is flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is derived from riboflavin (vitamin B2). FMN acts as a coenzyme in various redox reactions within the body. It is an essential component of several important enzymes, including those involved in the electron transport chain. The ability of FMN to accept and donate electrons makes it a critical player in metabolic processes, highlighting the importance of prosthetic groups in energy production.The study of prosthetic groups extends beyond mere biochemical interest; it has significant implications in medicine and biotechnology. For instance, understanding how these groups interact with proteins can lead to the development of targeted drugs that can modulate enzyme activity. In some diseases, the malfunction of proteins due to the absence or alteration of their prosthetic groups can lead to serious health issues. By studying these interactions, researchers can potentially design therapies that restore normal function or compensate for deficiencies.In conclusion, prosthetic groups are indispensable components of many proteins, contributing to their structure and function. They enhance the capabilities of enzymes and proteins, facilitating vital biochemical reactions that sustain life. The exploration of prosthetic groups not only enriches our understanding of molecular biology but also opens doors for advancements in medical science and therapeutic interventions. As we continue to unravel the complexities of life at the molecular level, the significance of prosthetic groups will undoubtedly remain a focal point of research and discovery.

在生物化学领域，术语辅基指的是紧密且永久附着于蛋白质上的非多肽单位。这些基团在许多酶和蛋白质的功能中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解辅基的重要性可以加深我们对生物过程复杂机制的欣赏。蛋白质是生活生物体中必不可少的大分子，在其中执行着广泛的功能。它们由氨基酸组成，这些氨基酸以特定的顺序连接在一起形成多肽。然而，许多蛋白质需要额外的组分才能有效地发挥作用。这就是辅基发挥作用的地方。与可能与酶松散结合并且可以在不影响酶结构的情况下被移除的辅因子不同，辅基紧密结合在蛋白质上，通常通过共价键结合。这种强关联意味着它们是蛋白质结构和稳定性的重要组成部分。一个最著名的辅基例子是血红素，它存在于血红蛋白和肌红蛋白中。血红素由一个铁离子和一个卟啉环组成，负责在血液中结合氧气。如果没有这个辅基，血红蛋白将无法有效地运输氧气，从而对生物体造成严重后果。同样，在细胞色素中，另一类参与电子传递的蛋白质，血红素的存在对于它们在细胞呼吸中的功能至关重要。另一个例子是黄素单核苷酸（FMN），它源自核黄素（维生素B2）。FMN在体内的各种氧化还原反应中充当辅酶。它是几种重要酶的基本组成部分，包括参与电子传递链的那些酶。FMN能够接受和捐赠电子，使其成为代谢过程中关键的参与者，突显了辅基在能量产生中的重要性。对辅基的研究不仅仅是生化兴趣，它在医学和生物技术中也具有重要意义。例如，理解这些基团如何与蛋白质相互作用可以导致针对性药物的开发，这些药物可以调节酶活性。在一些疾病中，由于缺乏或改变其辅基而导致的蛋白质功能失常可能会导致严重的健康问题。通过研究这些相互作用，研究人员可以设计出恢复正常功能或补偿不足的治疗方法。总之，辅基是许多蛋白质不可或缺的组成部分，促进其结构和功能。它们增强了酶和蛋白质的能力，促进了维持生命所需的重要生化反应。对辅基的探索不仅丰富了我们对分子生物学的理解，还为医学科学和治疗干预的进步打开了大门。当我们继续揭示生命在分子水平上的复杂性时，辅基的重要性无疑将继续成为研究和发现的焦点。