principal quantum number

简明释义

挚子数

英英释义

例句

1.The principal quantum number 主量子数 can only take on positive integer values.

主量子数只能取正整数值。

2.The principal quantum number 主量子数 determines the energy level of an electron in an atom.

主量子数决定了原子中电子的能量水平。

3.As the principal quantum number 主量子数 increases, the size of the electron cloud also increases.

随着主量子数的增加，电子云的大小也会增加。

4.In hydrogen, the lowest principal quantum number 主量子数 is 1, which corresponds to the ground state.

在氢原子中，最低的主量子数是1，对应于基态。

5.Electrons in higher principal quantum numbers 主量子数 are generally further from the nucleus.

具有更高主量子数的电子通常离原子核更远。

作文

The study of quantum mechanics has revolutionized our understanding of the atomic structure and the behavior of particles at a microscopic level. One of the key concepts in this field is the principal quantum number, which plays a crucial role in defining the energy levels of electrons within an atom. The principal quantum number is denoted by the symbol 'n' and can take on positive integer values such as 1, 2, 3, and so on. Each value of 'n' corresponds to a specific electron shell or energy level, with larger values indicating shells that are further away from the nucleus and higher in energy.To illustrate the significance of the principal quantum number, let us consider the hydrogen atom, which is the simplest atom consisting of just one proton and one electron. When the electron occupies the first energy level, it is said to be in the ground state, where 'n' equals 1. As energy is added to the atom, the electron can absorb this energy and move to higher energy levels, characterized by larger values of 'n'. For instance, if the electron transitions to the second energy level, 'n' equals 2, and it can potentially occupy even higher levels, such as 'n' equals 3 or 4, depending on the amount of energy absorbed.The principal quantum number not only determines the energy level of an electron but also influences its spatial distribution around the nucleus. Electrons in higher energy levels tend to be found farther from the nucleus, which affects the chemical properties of the atom. This is particularly important in understanding how atoms bond with one another to form molecules. For example, elements in the same group of the periodic table often have similar chemical behaviors because they have the same principal quantum number for their outermost electrons, leading to similar valence electron configurations.Moreover, the principal quantum number is essential when discussing the concept of electron orbitals. Each energy level can contain one or more orbitals, which are regions in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron. The shape and orientation of these orbitals are influenced by additional quantum numbers, but the principal quantum number provides the foundational framework for understanding how many orbitals can exist at each energy level.In conclusion, the principal quantum number is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that helps us comprehend the arrangement of electrons in atoms. By defining the energy levels and influencing the spatial distribution of electrons, the principal quantum number plays a vital role in determining the chemical properties of elements and their interactions with other atoms. As we delve deeper into the world of quantum mechanics, the importance of the principal quantum number becomes increasingly evident, showcasing the intricate relationship between energy levels, electron behavior, and the nature of matter itself.

量子力学的研究彻底改变了我们对原子结构和微观粒子行为的理解。这个领域的一个关键概念是主量子数，它在定义原子内电子的能级方面起着至关重要的作用。主量子数用符号'n'表示，可以取正整数值，如1、2、3等。每个'n'值对应一个特定的电子壳层或能级，较大的值表示离原子核更远、能量更高的壳层。为了说明主量子数的重要性，让我们考虑氢原子，它是由一个质子和一个电子组成的最简单的原子。当电子处于第一个能级时，它被称为基态，此时'n'等于1。当能量施加到原子上时，电子可以吸收这些能量并移动到更高的能级，其特征是更大的'n'值。例如，如果电子跃迁到第二能级，则'n'等于2，电子也可以占据更高的能级，如'n'等于3或4，具体取决于吸收的能量。主量子数不仅决定了电子的能级，还影响了电子在原子核周围的空间分布。处于较高能级的电子往往位于离原子核更远的地方，这影响了原子的化学性质。这在理解原子如何相互结合形成分子时尤为重要。例如，周期表中同一组的元素通常具有相似的化学行为，因为它们的最外层电子具有相同的主量子数，从而导致相似的价电子配置。此外，主量子数在讨论电子轨道的概念时也是必不可少的。每个能级可以包含一个或多个轨道，这些轨道是空间中找到电子的高概率区域。这些轨道的形状和方向受到其他量子数的影响，但主量子数为理解每个能级可以存在多少轨道提供了基础框架。总之，主量子数是量子力学中的一个基本概念，帮助我们理解原子中电子的排列。通过定义能级并影响电子的空间分布，主量子数在确定元素的化学性质及其与其他原子的相互作用方面发挥着重要作用。当我们深入探讨量子力学的世界时，主量子数的重要性变得越来越明显，展示了能级、电子行为和物质本质之间错综复杂的关系。