polymerization initiator

简明释义

聚合引发剂

英英释义

例句

1.Thermal polymerization initiators (聚合引发剂) are often used in processes that require heat to initiate the polymerization.

热型聚合引发剂通常用于需要热量来启动聚合的过程。

2.Photoinitiators are a type of polymerization initiator (聚合引发剂) that activate upon exposure to light.

光引发剂是一种在光照下激活的聚合引发剂。

3.In the production of acrylic resins, the choice of polymerization initiator (聚合引发剂) can significantly influence the reaction rate.

在丙烯酸树脂的生产中，聚合引发剂的选择会显著影响反应速率。

4.The use of a suitable polymerization initiator (聚合引发剂) is crucial for achieving the desired molecular weight in polymer synthesis.

在聚合物合成中，使用合适的聚合引发剂是实现所需分子量的关键。

5.The efficiency of a polymerization initiator (聚合引发剂) affects the overall yield of the polymer.

一个聚合引发剂的效率会影响聚合物的整体产量。

作文

Polymerization is a fundamental chemical process that results in the formation of polymers, which are large molecules composed of repeating structural units known as monomers. In order for polymerization to occur, an essential component is the polymerization initiator, which plays a crucial role in starting the reaction. A polymerization initiator (聚合引发剂) is a substance that triggers the polymerization process by generating reactive species, such as free radicals, cations, or anions, that can initiate the chain reaction necessary for the formation of polymers.The significance of polymerization initiators cannot be overstated; they are pivotal in various applications across industries, including plastics, coatings, adhesives, and elastomers. For instance, in the production of polystyrene, a common plastic, the use of a suitable polymerization initiator ensures that the reaction proceeds efficiently, yielding high-quality materials with desirable properties. The choice of initiator can influence the molecular weight, distribution, and overall characteristics of the resulting polymer, making it a critical factor in polymer chemistry.There are several types of polymerization initiators, each suited for different polymerization methods. For example, thermal initiators decompose upon heating to produce free radicals, while photoinitiators generate reactive species upon exposure to light. Additionally, redox initiators utilize an oxidation-reduction reaction to create active species. Each type has its own advantages and applications, depending on the specific requirements of the polymerization process.Understanding the mechanism of how polymerization initiators work is essential for chemists and engineers involved in polymer science. When a polymerization initiator is introduced to a mixture of monomers, it begins to break down, releasing reactive species that attack the double bonds of the monomers. This reaction forms a new radical or ion, which can then react with additional monomers, propagating the chain reaction that leads to the formation of long polymer chains.Moreover, the concentration and type of polymerization initiator used can directly affect the rate of polymerization and the properties of the final product. A higher concentration of initiator typically results in a faster reaction rate but may also lead to a broader molecular weight distribution in the polymer. Conversely, a lower concentration can yield more uniform polymers but may require longer reaction times. Thus, optimizing the amount and type of polymerization initiator is crucial for achieving desired material properties and performance.In conclusion, polymerization initiators are indispensable components in the field of polymer chemistry, enabling the transformation of simple monomers into complex polymers with a wide range of applications. Their ability to control the polymerization process allows for the customization of polymer properties, making them vital for innovation in materials science. As research continues to advance, the development of new and more efficient polymerization initiators will undoubtedly lead to further breakthroughs in polymer technology, enhancing our ability to create materials that meet the evolving needs of society.

聚合是一个基本的化学过程，形成聚合物，即由重复结构单元（称为单体）组成的大分子。为了使聚合发生，一个重要的组成部分是聚合引发剂，它在启动反应中发挥着关键作用。聚合引发剂（polymerization initiator）是一种通过生成反应性物质（如自由基、阳离子或阴离子）来触发聚合过程的物质，这些反应性物质可以启动形成聚合物所需的链式反应。聚合引发剂的重要性不容小觑；它们在塑料、涂料、粘合剂和弹性体等各个行业的应用中至关重要。例如，在聚苯乙烯（一种常见塑料）的生产中，使用合适的聚合引发剂可以确保反应高效进行，从而产生具有理想特性的高质量材料。引发剂的选择会影响最终聚合物的分子量、分布和整体特性，这使其成为聚合物化学中的关键因素。有几种类型的聚合引发剂，每种都适用于不同的聚合方法。例如，热引发剂在加热时分解以产生自由基，而光引发剂在暴露于光线时生成反应性物质。此外，氧化还原引发剂利用氧化还原反应来创建活性物质。每种类型都有其自身的优点和应用，具体取决于聚合过程的特定要求。理解聚合引发剂的工作机制对于参与聚合物科学的化学家和工程师至关重要。当将聚合引发剂引入单体混合物时，它开始分解，释放出攻击单体双键的反应性物质。这一反应形成新的自由基或离子，然后可以与额外的单体反应，传播导致长聚合物链形成的链式反应。此外，使用的聚合引发剂的浓度和类型可以直接影响聚合速率和最终产品的特性。引发剂的浓度越高，通常反应速率越快，但也可能导致聚合物的分子量分布更广。相反，较低的浓度可以产生更均匀的聚合物，但可能需要更长的反应时间。因此，优化聚合引发剂的数量和类型对于实现所需的材料特性和性能至关重要。总之，聚合引发剂是聚合物化学领域不可或缺的组成部分，使简单单体转变为具有广泛应用的复杂聚合物。它们控制聚合过程的能力使得聚合物特性的定制成为可能，这使得它们在材料科学创新中至关重要。随着研究的不断推进，新型和更高效的聚合引发剂的发展无疑将导致聚合物技术的进一步突破，增强我们创造满足社会不断发展的材料需求的能力。