optical isomerism

简明释义

光学异构性

英英释义

例句

1.Understanding optical isomerism 光学异构现象 is essential for chemists working on synthesis reactions.

理解光学异构现象对从事合成反应的化学家至关重要。

2.The study of optical isomerism 光学异构现象 is crucial in understanding the behavior of chiral molecules.

研究光学异构现象在理解手性分子的行为中至关重要。

3.The presence of optical isomerism 光学异构现象 in a compound can be determined using polarized light.

可以使用偏振光来确定化合物中是否存在光学异构现象。

4.Pharmaceutical companies often focus on optical isomerism 光学异构现象 to develop more effective drugs with fewer side effects.

制药公司通常关注光学异构现象以开发更有效的药物并减少副作用。

5.In organic chemistry, optical isomerism 光学异构现象 can lead to different biological activities of compounds.

在有机化学中，光学异构现象可能导致化合物不同的生物活性。

作文

In the fascinating world of chemistry, one of the most intriguing concepts is that of optical isomerism. This phenomenon occurs when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms, yet differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. As a result, these compounds are known as isomers, and specifically, those that exhibit optical isomerism are termed enantiomers. The distinguishing feature of enantiomers is their ability to rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions. One enantiomer will rotate light to the right, or clockwise, known as dextrorotatory, while the other will rotate it to the left, or counterclockwise, referred to as levorotatory.Understanding optical isomerism is crucial in many fields, particularly in pharmaceuticals. Many drugs are chiral, meaning they exist in two enantiomeric forms. These forms can have vastly different biological activities. For instance, one enantiomer of a drug may be therapeutically effective, while the other could be inactive or even harmful. A classic example is the drug thalidomide, which was used in the 1950s and 1960s. One enantiomer was effective in treating morning sickness in pregnant women, while the other caused severe birth defects. This tragedy highlighted the importance of understanding optical isomerism and the necessity for rigorous testing of each enantiomer in drug development.The study of optical isomerism also extends beyond pharmaceuticals into other areas such as agriculture and food science. Pesticides and herbicides can also exhibit chirality, influencing their effectiveness and environmental impact. Similarly, the flavor and aroma compounds in food can exist as enantiomers, affecting how we perceive taste and smell. For example, the two enantiomers of limonene, one found in oranges and the other in lemons, provide distinctly different scents.To further illustrate the concept, consider the molecule lactic acid, which has two enantiomers: L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid. Both share the same chemical formula (C3H6O3) but differ in their spatial arrangement. L-lactic acid is naturally occurring and is involved in various metabolic processes in the body, while D-lactic acid can accumulate in certain conditions and lead to health issues. This example underscores the significance of optical isomerism in biological systems and its implications for human health.In conclusion, optical isomerism is a fundamental concept in chemistry that has far-reaching implications across various disciplines. Its role in drug efficacy, environmental science, and food chemistry illustrates the importance of understanding molecular structure and behavior. As research continues to advance, a deeper comprehension of optical isomerism will undoubtedly lead to innovations that enhance our quality of life and ensure safer products in the market. Thus, embracing the complexities of optical isomerism not only enriches our knowledge of chemistry but also emphasizes the interconnectedness of science and its real-world applications.

在化学的迷人世界中，最引人入胜的概念之一就是光学异构现象。这一现象发生在两个或多个化合物具有相同的分子式和原子连接方式，但在原子的空间排列上却有所不同。因此，这些化合物被称为异构体，具体来说，表现出光学异构现象的化合物被称为对映体。对映体的显著特征是它们能够以相反的方向旋转平面偏振光。一个对映体会顺时针旋转光线，被称为右旋（dextrorotatory），而另一个则会逆时针旋转，称为左旋（levorotatory）。理解光学异构现象在许多领域中至关重要，特别是在制药行业。许多药物是手性分子，意味着它们存在两种对映体形式。这些形式可能具有截然不同的生物活性。例如，一种药物的一个对映体可能具有治疗效果，而另一个则可能无效甚至有害。一个经典的例子是沙利度胺，这种药物在20世纪50年代和60年代被使用。一个对映体在治疗孕妇晨吐方面有效，而另一个则导致严重的出生缺陷。这一悲剧突显了理解光学异构现象的重要性，以及在药物开发中对每个对映体进行严格测试的必要性。光学异构现象的研究还延伸到农业和食品科学等其他领域。农药和除草剂也可能表现出手性，影响其有效性和环境影响。同样，食品中的香味和气味化合物也可以作为对映体存在，影响我们对味道和气味的感知。例如，柠檬烯的两个对映体，一个存在于橙子中，另一个存在于柠檬中，提供了截然不同的气味。为了进一步说明这一概念，考虑乳酸分子，它有两个对映体：L-乳酸和D-乳酸。两者具有相同的化学式（C3H6O3），但在空间排列上有所不同。L-乳酸是天然存在的，并参与体内各种代谢过程，而D-乳酸在某些情况下可能会积累并导致健康问题。这个例子强调了光学异构现象在生物系统中的重要性及其对人类健康的影响。总之，光学异构现象是化学中的一个基本概念，具有广泛的跨学科影响。它在药物有效性、环境科学和食品化学中的作用说明了理解分子结构和行为的重要性。随着研究的不断推进，对光学异构现象的更深入理解无疑将带来创新，提升我们的生活质量，并确保市场上产品的安全性。因此，接受光学异构现象的复杂性不仅丰富了我们对化学的知识，还强调了科学及其现实应用之间的相互联系。