nucleic acid

简明释义

核酸

英英释义

例句

1.The extraction of nucleic acid from cells is a crucial step in molecular biology.

从细胞中提取核酸是分子生物学中的一个关键步骤。

2.Researchers are studying the role of nucleic acid in genetic inheritance.

研究人员正在研究核酸在遗传中的作用。

3.The laboratory tests included a analysis of nucleic acid sequences.

实验室测试包括对核酸序列的分析。

4.Scientists can amplify nucleic acid using techniques like PCR.

科学家可以使用PCR等技术扩增核酸。

5.Vaccines often work by introducing nucleic acid that codes for a harmless part of a virus.

疫苗通常通过引入编码病毒无害部分的核酸来发挥作用。

作文

Nucleic acids are fundamental molecules that play a critical role in the biology of all living organisms. They are primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. The two main types of nucleic acid (核酸) are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is often referred to as the blueprint of life, as it contains the instructions needed for an organism's growth, development, and reproduction. RNA, on the other hand, plays a vital role in translating these instructions into proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions.The structure of nucleic acid (核酸) is fascinating. Both DNA and RNA are made up of long chains of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of these molecules. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose, while in RNA, it is ribose. The sequence of these nucleotides encodes the genetic information, and the specific combinations of nitrogenous bases determine the traits of an organism.One of the most remarkable features of nucleic acid (核酸) is its ability to replicate. During cell division, DNA must be copied so that each new cell receives an identical set of genetic instructions. This process is known as DNA replication and involves several enzymes that unwind the double helix and synthesize new strands. The accuracy of this process is crucial; any errors can lead to mutations, which may have significant consequences for the organism.In addition to replication, nucleic acid (核酸) is also involved in protein synthesis through a process called transcription and translation. During transcription, a segment of DNA is used as a template to create a complementary strand of RNA. This messenger RNA (mRNA) then exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for translation. During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of the mRNA and assemble the corresponding amino acids to form a protein. This intricate process highlights the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein.Research on nucleic acid (核酸) has revolutionized many fields, including genetics, medicine, and biotechnology. For instance, the discovery of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 opened the floodgates for genetic research. Today, scientists can manipulate nucleic acid (核酸) sequences using techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9, allowing for precise editing of genes. This technology holds great promise for treating genetic disorders, improving agricultural crops, and even combating diseases like cancer.Moreover, the study of nucleic acid (核酸) has led to advancements in forensic science, where DNA profiling is used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. This application has transformed criminal investigations and paternity testing.In conclusion, nucleic acid (核酸) is an essential component of life, serving as the repository of genetic information and playing a pivotal role in the functioning of cells. Understanding nucleic acid (核酸) is vital for numerous scientific disciplines and has far-reaching implications for our understanding of life itself. As research continues to advance, the potential applications of nucleic acid (核酸) technology will undoubtedly expand, paving the way for innovations that could benefit humanity in countless ways.

核酸是所有生物体生物学中至关重要的分子，它们主要负责储存和传递遗传信息。两种主要类型的核酸（nucleic acid）是脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA）。DNA通常被称为生命的蓝图，因为它包含了一个生物体生长、发育和繁殖所需的指令。另一方面，RNA在将这些指令转化为蛋白质方面发挥着重要作用，而蛋白质对于各种细胞功能是必不可少的。核酸（nucleic acid）的结构令人着迷。DNA和RNA都是由长链的核苷酸组成，这些核苷酸是这些分子的构建块。每个核苷酸由一个糖、一个磷酸基团和一个氮碱基组成。在DNA中，糖是脱氧核糖，而在RNA中则是核糖。这些核苷酸的序列编码了遗传信息，而氮碱基的特定组合决定了一个生物体的特征。核酸（nucleic acid）最显著的特点之一是其复制能力。在细胞分裂期间，DNA必须被复制，以便每个新细胞都能获得一套相同的遗传指令。这个过程称为DNA复制，涉及几种酶，它们解开双螺旋并合成新链。这个过程的准确性至关重要；任何错误都可能导致突变，这可能对生物体产生重大影响。除了复制，核酸（nucleic acid）还通过转录和翻译过程参与蛋白质合成。在转录过程中，DNA的一段被用作模板来创建一条互补的RNA链。这种信使RNA（mRNA）然后离开细胞核，进入细胞质，在那里作为翻译的模板。在翻译过程中，核糖体读取mRNA的序列，并组装相应的氨基酸以形成蛋白质。这个复杂的过程突显了分子生物学的中心法则：DNA → RNA → 蛋白质。对核酸（nucleic acid）的研究已经彻底改变了许多领域，包括遗传学、医学和生物技术。例如，詹姆斯·沃森和弗朗西斯·克里克在1953年发现的DNA结构为遗传研究打开了大门。今天，科学家们可以使用CRISPR-Cas9等技术操纵核酸（nucleic acid）序列，从而实现对基因的精确编辑。这项技术对治疗遗传疾病、改善农作物以及甚至对抗癌症等疾病具有巨大的前景。此外，核酸（nucleic acid）的研究促进了法医科学的发展，其中DNA分析用于根据个体独特的遗传构成识别个人。这一应用改变了刑事调查和亲子鉴定。总之，核酸（nucleic acid）是生命的重要组成部分，作为遗传信息的存储库，并在细胞的功能中发挥着关键作用。理解核酸（nucleic acid）对许多科学学科至关重要，并对我们理解生命本身具有深远的影响。随着研究的不断推进，核酸（nucleic acid）技术的潜在应用无疑会扩展，为人类带来无数好处的创新铺平道路。