nuclear charge

简明释义

核电荷

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of nuclear charge 核电荷 is essential for understanding atomic structure.

理解原子结构时，核电荷 核电荷的概念至关重要。

2.In multi-electron atoms, the actual nuclear charge 核电荷 felt by an electron is less than the total due to shielding effects.

在多电子原子中，由于屏蔽效应，电子感受到的实际核电荷 核电荷小于总和。

3.The strength of the attraction between electrons and the nucleus depends on the effective nuclear charge 核电荷 experienced by the electrons.

电子与原子核之间的吸引力强度取决于电子所感受到的有效核电荷 核电荷。

4.As you move across a period in the periodic table, the nuclear charge 核电荷 increases, leading to a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.

当你在周期表中横向移动时，核电荷 核电荷增加，导致原子核与电子之间的吸引力增强。

5.The nuclear charge 核电荷 of an atom is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus.

原子的核电荷 核电荷由其核中的质子数量决定。

作文

The concept of nuclear charge refers to the total charge of the nucleus of an atom, which is primarily due to the presence of protons. Each proton carries a positive charge, and the total number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number of an element. For instance, hydrogen has one proton, hence its nuclear charge is +1, while carbon, with six protons, has a nuclear charge of +6. Understanding nuclear charge is crucial as it influences various properties of elements, including their reactivity, ionization energy, and atomic size.In chemistry, the nuclear charge plays a significant role in determining how atoms interact with each other. When we discuss the periodic table, the trend of increasing nuclear charge as we move from left to right across a period is evident. This increase in nuclear charge results in a stronger attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons surrounding it. Consequently, this leads to a decrease in atomic size, making elements more compact as you progress across a period.Moreover, the effect of nuclear charge is also observable when considering ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. As the nuclear charge increases, the ionization energy tends to increase as well. This is because the increased positive charge in the nucleus exerts a stronger pull on the electrons, making them harder to remove. For example, noble gases, which have a high nuclear charge, exhibit very high ionization energies, indicating their stability and reluctance to lose electrons.However, it is essential to consider the concept of shielding or screening, which can affect the overall impact of nuclear charge. Inner shell electrons can shield outer shell electrons from the full effect of the nuclear charge. As a result, even though the nuclear charge may be high, the effective nuclear charge felt by the outermost electrons can be significantly lower. This phenomenon explains why elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties despite differences in nuclear charge.In summary, the term nuclear charge is fundamental to understanding atomic structure and behavior. It not only defines the identity of an element but also influences its chemical properties and reactivity. By grasping the significance of nuclear charge, students and scientists can better predict how different elements will interact in chemical reactions, paving the way for advancements in fields such as materials science, pharmacology, and environmental science. Overall, the study of nuclear charge is a key component of atomic theory that continues to shape our understanding of matter at the most fundamental level.

“核电荷”的概念是指原子核的总电荷，这主要是由于质子的存在。每个质子都带有正电荷，核内质子的总数决定了元素的原子序数。例如，氢有一个质子，因此其“核电荷”为+1，而碳则有六个质子，其“核电荷”为+6。理解“核电荷”至关重要，因为它影响元素的各种性质，包括反应性、电离能和原子大小。在化学中，“核电荷”在决定原子之间如何相互作用方面发挥着重要作用。当我们讨论周期表时，从左到右移动时“核电荷”的增加趋势显而易见。这种“核电荷”的增加导致正电荷的原子核与周围负电荷电子之间的吸引力增强。因此，这导致原子大小减小，使元素在一个周期内变得更加紧凑。此外，“核电荷”的影响在考虑电离能时也很明显，电离能是指从原子中移除一个电子所需的能量。随着“核电荷”的增加，电离能往往也会增加。这是因为核内正电荷的增加对电子施加了更强的拉力，使它们更难以移除。例如，稀有气体具有高“核电荷”，表现出非常高的电离能，表明它们的稳定性和不愿意失去电子。然而，考虑屏蔽或遮蔽的概念也是至关重要的，这可能会影响“核电荷”的整体影响。内层电子可以屏蔽外层电子免受“核电荷”完全影响。因此，即使“核电荷”可能很高，外层电子所感受到的有效核电荷也可能显著降低。这一现象解释了为什么周期表同一组中的元素尽管“核电荷”不同，但具有相似的化学性质。总之，术语“核电荷”是理解原子结构和行为的基础。它不仅定义了元素的身份，还影响其化学性质和反应性。通过掌握“核电荷”的重要性，学生和科学家可以更好地预测不同元素在化学反应中的相互作用，为材料科学、药理学和环境科学等领域的进步铺平道路。总体而言，“核电荷”的研究是原子理论的一个关键组成部分，继续塑造我们对物质在最基本层面的理解。