marginalism

简明释义

英[/ˈmɑrdʒɪnəˌlɪzəm/]美[/ˈmɑrdʒɪnəˌlɪzəm/]

n. 边际主义

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.To Marginalism, utility is also an abstract concept under the assumption of resources scarcity.

而对边际学派而言，效用也是一种抽象，是资源稀缺性条件下的表现。

2.To Marginalism, utility is also an abstract concept under the assumption of resources scarcity.

而对边际学派而言，效用也是一种抽象，是资源稀缺性条件下的表现。

3.The principle of marginalism can be applied to environmental economics to evaluate the costs and benefits of pollution reduction.

将边际主义原理应用于环境经济学，可以评估减排的成本和收益。

4.Understanding marginalism allows economists to predict consumer behavior more accurately.

理解边际主义使经济学家能够更准确地预测消费者行为。

5.Many businesses rely on marginalism to assess the profitability of producing one more unit of a product.

许多企业依靠边际主义来评估生产一个额外产品单位的盈利能力。

6.The concept of marginalism is essential in understanding how consumers make choices based on additional benefits.

理解消费者如何基于额外收益做出选择的过程中，边际主义的概念至关重要。

7.In economics, marginalism helps to explain the decision-making process regarding resource allocation.

在经济学中，边际主义有助于解释资源配置的决策过程。

作文

Marginalism is a crucial concept in economic theory that focuses on the effects of small changes in economic variables. It emphasizes the importance of analyzing the additional benefits and costs associated with producing or consuming one more unit of a good or service. This approach allows economists to understand how individuals make decisions based on the marginal utility they receive from each additional unit. For instance, when a consumer considers whether to buy another slice of pizza, they weigh the enjoyment (or utility) they will gain against the price they must pay. If the satisfaction gained from the extra slice exceeds its cost, the consumer is likely to purchase it. This decision-making process exemplifies the principle of 边际主义 (marginalism), which is fundamental to understanding consumer behavior.In the context of production, 边际主义 (marginalism) also plays a vital role. Producers assess the additional output they can generate by employing one more unit of labor or capital. If the revenue generated from this additional output surpasses the cost of hiring an extra worker or investing in new machinery, then it is deemed beneficial for the producer to proceed. This analysis helps firms optimize their resource allocation and maximize profits.Moreover, 边际主义 (marginalism) extends beyond individual choices to broader economic phenomena. It is instrumental in determining market equilibrium, where supply equals demand. By examining how consumers and producers respond to changes in prices, economists can predict shifts in market dynamics. For example, if the price of a product increases, consumers may decide to purchase less of it, while producers might be incentivized to produce more. The interplay of these marginal responses ultimately shapes the market landscape.The significance of 边际主义 (marginalism) can also be observed in public policy and welfare economics. Policymakers often utilize marginal analysis to evaluate the impacts of taxation, subsidies, and regulations. By understanding the marginal costs and benefits of different policies, they can make informed decisions that aim to improve social welfare. For instance, a government may analyze the marginal benefit of providing education subsidies against the marginal cost of funding such programs to determine the most effective use of taxpayer dollars.Despite its strengths, 边际主义 (marginalism) has faced criticism over the years. Some argue that it oversimplifies complex human behavior and economic interactions. Critics contend that individuals do not always make decisions based solely on marginal analysis; emotions, social influences, and cognitive biases also play significant roles in decision-making. Furthermore, 边际主义 (marginalism) assumes that individuals have perfect information, which is often not the case in real-world scenarios.In conclusion, 边际主义 (marginalism) is a foundational concept in economics that provides valuable insights into decision-making processes at both individual and collective levels. By focusing on the marginal changes in costs and benefits, it enables economists to analyze consumer behavior, production efficiency, market dynamics, and public policy implications. While it has its limitations, the principles of 边际主义 (marginalism) remain integral to the study of economics, helping us understand the complexities of human behavior and the functioning of markets.

边际主义是经济理论中的一个关键概念，重点关注经济变量的小变化所带来的影响。它强调分析与生产或消费一个额外单位的商品或服务相关的额外收益和成本的重要性。这种方法使经济学家能够理解个人如何根据他们从每个额外单位中获得的边际效用做出决策。例如，当消费者考虑是否再买一片比萨时，他们会权衡将要获得的享受（或效用）与必须支付的价格。如果从额外一片中获得的满足感超过其成本，消费者可能会选择购买。这一决策过程体现了边际主义的原则，这对于理解消费者行为至关重要。在生产的背景下，边际主义同样发挥着重要作用。生产者评估通过雇佣一个额外的劳动或资本单位可以产生的额外产出。如果这一额外产出所产生的收入超过雇佣额外工人或投资新机器的成本，那么生产者就会认为继续这样做是有利的。这一分析帮助企业优化资源配置并最大化利润。此外，边际主义也超越了个体选择，扩展到更广泛的经济现象。它在确定市场均衡（供给等于需求）方面发挥着重要作用。通过考察消费者和生产者对价格变化的反应，经济学家可以预测市场动态的变化。例如，如果一种产品的价格上涨，消费者可能会决定减少购买，而生产者则可能受到激励增加生产。这些边际反应的相互作用最终塑造了市场格局。边际主义的重要性还可以在公共政策和福利经济学中观察到。政策制定者通常利用边际分析来评估税收、补贴和法规的影响。通过理解不同政策的边际成本和收益，他们可以做出旨在改善社会福利的明智决策。例如，政府可能会分析提供教育补贴的边际收益与资助此类项目的边际成本，以确定纳税人资金的最有效使用方式。尽管有其优势，边际主义近年来也面临批评。一些人认为它过于简化复杂的人类行为和经济互动。批评者认为，个人并不总是仅基于边际分析做出决策；情感、社会影响和认知偏见在决策中也起着重要作用。此外，边际主义假设个人拥有完美的信息，而这在现实世界中往往不是事实。总之，边际主义是经济学中的一个基础概念，为我们提供了对个体和集体层面决策过程的宝贵洞察。通过关注成本和收益的边际变化，它使经济学家能够分析消费者行为、生产效率、市场动态和公共政策的影响。尽管存在局限性，边际主义的原则仍然是经济学研究不可或缺的一部分，帮助我们理解人类行为的复杂性及市场的运作。