law of equipartition of energy

简明释义

能量均分律

英英释义

例句

1.In a diatomic gas, the law of equipartition of energy 能量均分定律 accounts for both translational and rotational motions.

在双原子气体中，能量均分定律考虑了平移和旋转运动。

2.In statistical mechanics, the law of equipartition of energy 能量均分定律 helps predict the average kinetic energy of gas molecules.

在统计力学中，能量均分定律有助于预测气体分子的平均动能。

3.The law of equipartition of energy 能量均分定律 indicates that each translational degree of freedom contributes equally to the total energy.

能量均分定律表明，每个平移自由度对总能量的贡献是相等的。

4.When applying the law of equipartition of energy 能量均分定律, we can derive the specific heat capacities of different gases.

应用能量均分定律时，我们可以推导出不同气体的比热容。

5.The law of equipartition of energy 能量均分定律 states that energy is distributed equally among all degrees of freedom in a system at thermal equilibrium.

能量均分定律指出，在热平衡状态下，能量在系统的所有自由度之间均匀分配。

作文

The concept of the law of equipartition of energy is fundamental in the field of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. This law states that, in a system at thermal equilibrium, the energy is distributed equally among all available degrees of freedom. In simpler terms, it means that each degree of freedom in a system contributes equally to the total energy of that system. This principle is crucial for understanding how energy is shared among different particles and modes of motion, which can include translational, rotational, and vibrational movements.To illustrate this concept, consider a container filled with gas molecules. According to the law of equipartition of energy (能量均分定律), each molecule has translational kinetic energy due to its motion in three dimensions. If we assume that the gas is ideal, then for every degree of freedom that each molecule possesses, it will on average have an equal share of the total energy. For instance, in three-dimensional space, each molecule will contribute ½ kT of energy per degree of freedom, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature of the gas.This law extends beyond simple translational motion. When considering diatomic or polyatomic gases, the molecules also have rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. As a result, the total energy of each molecule is a sum of contributions from all these degrees of freedom. The law of equipartition of energy implies that at high temperatures, where thermal energy is sufficient to excite all degrees of freedom, the energy will be evenly distributed among them.However, it is important to note that the law of equipartition of energy holds true under specific conditions. One key assumption is that the system must be in thermal equilibrium. If the system is not in equilibrium, the distribution of energy may not be uniform. Additionally, quantum effects can alter the predictions of this law, particularly at very low temperatures where certain degrees of freedom may become 'frozen' and do not contribute to the energy distribution as predicted by classical mechanics.Understanding the law of equipartition of energy is essential for various applications in physics and engineering. For example, it plays a significant role in predicting the behavior of gases and in the derivation of the ideal gas law. It also helps in understanding heat capacities of different materials. The law provides insights into why monatomic gases have a different heat capacity compared to diatomic or polyatomic gases, as the latter can store energy in more ways due to their additional degrees of freedom.In conclusion, the law of equipartition of energy is a powerful tool in the study of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. It allows scientists and engineers to predict how energy is distributed in a system, leading to a deeper understanding of physical phenomena. By recognizing the significance of this law, one can appreciate the intricate balance of energy within various systems, ranging from simple gases to complex molecular structures. This principle not only enhances our comprehension of the microscopic world but also has practical implications in fields such as material science, chemistry, and even astrophysics.

能量均分定律是统计力学和热力学领域的一个基本概念。该定律指出，在热平衡状态下，能量在所有可用的自由度之间均匀分配。简单来说，这意味着系统中的每个自由度对系统的总能量都有相等的贡献。这个原则对于理解能量如何在不同粒子和运动模式之间共享至关重要，这些模式可以包括平移、旋转和振动运动。为了说明这一概念，考虑一个装满气体分子的容器。根据能量均分定律（law of equipartition of energy），每个分子由于其在三维空间中的运动而具有平移动能。如果我们假设气体是理想气体，那么对于每个分子所拥有的每个自由度，它平均将占有总能量的相等份额。例如，在三维空间中，每个分子将为每个自由度贡献 ½ kT 的能量，其中 k 是玻尔兹曼常数，T 是气体的绝对温度。该定律不仅适用于简单的平移运动。当考虑双原子或多原子气体时，分子还具有旋转和振动自由度。因此，每个分子的总能量是所有这些自由度贡献的总和。能量均分定律意味着在高温下，当热能足以激发所有自由度时，能量将在它们之间均匀分配。然而，需要注意的是，能量均分定律在特定条件下成立。一个关键的假设是系统必须处于热平衡状态。如果系统不在平衡状态，能量的分布可能不会均匀。此外，量子效应可以改变该定律的预测，特别是在非常低的温度下，某些自由度可能会“冻结”，并且不会像经典力学预测的那样对能量分布做出贡献。理解能量均分定律对于物理和工程的各种应用至关重要。例如，它在预测气体行为和推导理想气体定律中发挥了重要作用。它还帮助人们理解不同材料的热容量。该定律提供了对单原子气体与双原子或多原子气体热容量差异的见解，因为后者由于额外的自由度能够以更多的方式储存能量。总之，能量均分定律是研究热力学和统计力学的强大工具。它使科学家和工程师能够预测系统中能量的分布，从而深入理解物理现象。通过认识到这一法则的重要性，人们可以欣赏到各种系统内能量的微妙平衡，从简单的气体到复杂的分子结构。这个原则不仅增强了我们对微观世界的理解，还有在材料科学、化学甚至天体物理学等领域的实际应用。