law of definite proportion

简明释义

定比律

英英释义

例句

1.According to the law of definite proportion, a chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio by mass.

根据定比法则，化合物总是以固定的质量比包含其组成元素。

2.The law of definite proportion is fundamental in stoichiometry, allowing chemists to predict the outcomes of reactions.

定比法则是化学计量学中的基本原则，使化学家能够预测反应的结果。

3.In the production of glucose, the law of definite proportion ensures that carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are always in the same ratio.

在葡萄糖的生产中，定比法则确保碳、氢和氧始终保持相同的比例。

4.When analyzing water, we find that it follows the law of definite proportion with two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen atom.

在分析水时，我们发现它遵循定比法则，每个氧原子都有两个氢原子。

5.The law of definite proportion states that no matter how the compound is formed, the ratio of elements remains constant.

定比法则指出，无论化合物如何形成，元素的比例始终保持不变。

作文

The concept of the law of definite proportion is a fundamental principle in chemistry that explains how elements combine to form compounds. According to this law, a chemical compound will always contain its component elements in fixed ratios by mass, regardless of the source or method of preparation. This means that if you take a specific compound, such as water (H₂O), it will always consist of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is always 1:8, which highlights the predictability and consistency of chemical compounds. This principle was first articulated by the French chemist Joseph Proust in the early 19th century, and it laid the groundwork for modern chemistry.Understanding the law of definite proportion is essential for various applications in science and industry. For example, when manufacturing pharmaceuticals, chemists must ensure that the active ingredients are present in the correct proportions to ensure efficacy and safety. If the proportions are not adhered to, the resulting medication could be ineffective or even harmful. Similarly, in food chemistry, the law of definite proportion ensures that products maintain their flavor and nutritional value by keeping the ingredient ratios consistent.Moreover, the law of definite proportion also plays a crucial role in stoichiometry, which is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. By understanding the fixed ratios in which elements combine to form compounds, chemists can predict the amounts of substances needed in reactions. This is particularly important in industrial processes where large quantities of materials are involved. For instance, in the production of ammonia through the Haber process, knowing the exact proportions of nitrogen and hydrogen required allows for efficient and cost-effective production.In addition to its practical applications, the law of definite proportion also has philosophical implications. It supports the atomic theory, which posits that matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. Each element is made up of a unique type of atom, and when these atoms combine to form compounds, they do so in specific ratios. This idea revolutionized the way scientists understand matter and paved the way for advancements in chemistry and physics.However, it is essential to note that the law of definite proportion applies only to pure compounds. In mixtures, the ratios of components can vary widely, which is why understanding the distinction between pure substances and mixtures is crucial in chemistry. For instance, in a saltwater solution, the ratio of salt to water can change depending on how much salt is dissolved, demonstrating that while the law of definite proportion holds for compounds, it does not apply to mixtures.In conclusion, the law of definite proportion is a cornerstone of chemical science that provides insight into the nature of compounds and their formation. Its implications extend beyond theoretical chemistry, influencing practical applications in various fields, including medicine, food science, and industrial chemistry. By adhering to this law, scientists and manufacturers can ensure the consistency and reliability of their products, ultimately benefiting society as a whole. Understanding this law not only enhances our grasp of chemistry but also enriches our appreciation for the intricate balance of nature that governs the interactions of elements and compounds.

“定比法则”是化学中的一个基本原则，它解释了元素如何结合形成化合物。根据这一法则，化学化合物始终以固定的质量比包含其组成元素，无论其来源或制备方法如何。这意味着，如果你取一个特定的化合物，例如水（H₂O），它始终由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。水中氢与氧的质量比始终为1:8，这突显了化学化合物的可预测性和一致性。这个原则最早由法国化学家约瑟夫·普鲁斯特在19世纪初提出，并为现代化学奠定了基础。理解“定比法则”对科学和工业的各种应用至关重要。例如，在制造药品时，化学家必须确保活性成分按正确比例存在，以确保药效和安全性。如果不遵循这些比例，最终的药物可能会无效甚至有害。同样，在食品化学中，“定比法则”确保产品通过保持成分比例的一致性来维持其风味和营养价值。此外，“定比法则”在化学反应中的化学计量学中也起着关键作用。通过理解元素结合形成化合物的固定比率，化学家可以预测反应中所需物质的数量。这在涉及大量材料的工业过程中尤为重要。例如，在通过哈柏法生产氨时，了解所需氮和氢的确切比例可以实现高效且经济的生产。除了其实际应用外，“定比法则”还具有哲学意义。它支持原子理论，该理论认为物质由不可分割的粒子称为原子组成。每种元素由一种独特类型的原子构成，当这些原子结合形成化合物时，它们以特定的比例结合。这个观点彻底改变了科学家对物质的理解，并为化学和物理学的进步铺平了道路。然而，值得注意的是，“定比法则”仅适用于纯化合物。在混合物中，成分的比例可能会有很大变化，这就是为什么在化学中理解纯物质和混合物之间的区别至关重要的原因。例如，在盐水溶液中，盐与水的比例可以根据溶解了多少盐而变化，这表明虽然“定比法则”适用于化合物，但不适用于混合物。总之，“定比法则”是化学科学的基石，为我们提供了对化合物及其形成性质的深入了解。其影响超越了理论化学，影响着医学、食品科学和工业化学等各个领域的实际应用。通过遵循这一法则，科学家和制造商可以确保其产品的一致性和可靠性，最终使整个社会受益。理解这一法则不仅增强了我们对化学的理解，也丰富了我们对自然界中元素和化合物相互作用所主导的复杂平衡的欣赏。