ionization energy

简明释义

电离能

英英释义

例句

1.The ionization energy of helium is higher than that of hydrogen, indicating that it requires more energy to remove an electron from helium.

氦的电离能高于氢，表明从氦中移除一个电子需要更多的能量。

2.As you move down a group in the periodic table, the ionization energy decreases because of increased atomic size.

随着在周期表中向下移动，电离能降低，因为原子半径增大。

3.The ionization energy of alkali metals is low, making them highly reactive with nonmetals.

碱金属的电离能较低，使它们与非金属高度反应。

4.Understanding ionization energy is crucial for predicting the chemical behavior of elements.

理解电离能对于预测元素的化学行为至关重要。

5.In periodic trends, we observe that the ionization energy generally increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

在周期趋势中，我们观察到由于核电荷增加，电离能通常在一个周期内增加。

作文

The concept of ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule in its gaseous state. This fundamental property is crucial in understanding the behavior of elements in chemical reactions and their placement in the periodic table. The ionization energy plays a significant role in determining how easily an atom can form bonds with other atoms, which ultimately influences the reactivity of the element. To better understand ionization energy, we can consider its trends across the periodic table. Generally, as you move from left to right across a period, the ionization energy increases. This is because the number of protons in the nucleus increases, resulting in a stronger positive charge that attracts the electrons more tightly. Consequently, more energy is needed to overcome this attraction and remove an electron. For example, elements like sodium (Na), which is located on the left side of the periodic table, have relatively low ionization energy, making it easier to lose an electron and form positive ions. In contrast, noble gases such as neon (Ne) possess high ionization energy due to their complete valence shell, making them less reactive.Moreover, ionization energy also decreases as you move down a group in the periodic table. This trend occurs because the outer electrons are further away from the nucleus, experiencing a weaker attraction due to the increased distance and the shielding effect caused by inner electrons. For instance, while lithium (Li) has a higher ionization energy than cesium (Cs), it is much easier to remove an electron from cesium due to its larger atomic size and lower effective nuclear charge felt by the outermost electron.Understanding ionization energy is not only essential for predicting how elements will behave in reactions but also for grasping concepts in various fields of chemistry, including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and biochemistry. For example, when studying the formation of chemical bonds, knowing the ionization energy of different elements helps chemists predict whether a reaction will occur spontaneously. Elements with low ionization energy are more likely to donate electrons and form cations, while those with high ionization energy tend to accept electrons and form anions.In addition to its theoretical implications, ionization energy has practical applications in fields such as materials science and semiconductor technology. By manipulating the ionization energy of specific materials, scientists can design better electronic devices and improve energy efficiency. Furthermore, understanding ionization energy is vital in astrophysics, where it helps scientists determine the composition of stars and galaxies based on the light they emit.In conclusion, ionization energy is a key concept in chemistry that reflects the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Its significance spans across various scientific disciplines, influencing our understanding of elemental reactivity, chemical bonding, and even technological advancements. By grasping the principles surrounding ionization energy, students and researchers can gain deeper insights into the nature of matter and the interactions that govern the universe around us.

“电离能”这一概念是指从原子或分子中移除一个电子所需的能量，前提是该原子或分子处于气态状态。这一基本属性对于理解元素在化学反应中的行为及其在周期表中的位置至关重要。“电离能”在决定原子与其他原子形成键的难易程度方面发挥着重要作用，这最终影响了元素的反应性。为了更好地理解“电离能”，我们可以考虑其在周期表中的趋势。通常，当你从左到右移动一个周期时，“电离能”会增加。这是因为原子核中的质子数增加，导致正电荷的吸引力增强，从而使电子更紧密地被吸引。因此，需要更多的能量来克服这种吸引力并移除一个电子。例如，钠（Na）等位于周期表左侧的元素具有相对较低的“电离能”，使得它更容易失去一个电子并形成阳离子。相比之下，氖（Ne）等惰性气体由于其完整的价电子层，具有高“电离能”，使其反应性较低。此外，随着你在周期表中向下移动，“电离能”也会降低。这种趋势的发生是因为外层电子距离原子核更远，受到的吸引力减弱，部分原因是内层电子造成的屏蔽效应。例如，锂（Li）的“电离能”高于铯（Cs），但由于铯的原子半径较大和外层电子感受到的有效核电荷较低，因此更容易移除铯的一个电子。理解“电离能”不仅对预测元素在反应中的行为至关重要，而且对于掌握有机化学、无机化学和生物化学等多个化学领域的概念也至关重要。例如，在研究化学键的形成时，了解不同元素的“电离能”可以帮助化学家预测反应是否会自发发生。具有低“电离能”的元素更可能捐赠电子并形成阳离子，而具有高“电离能”的元素则倾向于接受电子并形成阴离子。除了理论意义之外，“电离能”在材料科学和半导体技术等领域也具有实际应用。通过操纵特定材料的“电离能”，科学家可以设计更好的电子设备并提高能效。此外，理解“电离能”在天体物理学中也至关重要，它帮助科学家根据恒星和星系发出的光确定其组成。总之，“电离能”是化学中的一个关键概念，反映了从原子中移除电子所需的能量。它的重要性跨越了各个科学学科，影响着我们对元素反应性、化学键合的理解，甚至影响技术进步。通过掌握围绕“电离能”的原则，学生和研究人员可以更深入地洞察物质的本质以及支配我们周围宇宙的相互作用。