intermolecular forces

简明释义

分子间力

英英释义

例句

1.The intermolecular forces 分子间力 between oil molecules are weaker than those between water molecules.

油分子之间的分子间力比水分子之间的要弱。

2.Understanding intermolecular forces 分子间力 is crucial for predicting the behavior of gases.

理解分子间力对于预测气体行为至关重要。

3.In solid ice, the intermolecular forces 分子间力 are stronger than in liquid water.

在固态冰中，分子间力比液态水更强。

4.The strength of the intermolecular forces 分子间力 in water contributes to its high boiling point.

水中分子间力的强度导致其高沸点。

5.Different substances have varying intermolecular forces 分子间力, which affect their physical properties.

不同物质具有不同的分子间力，这影响它们的物理性质。

作文

Intermolecular forces play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances. These forces are the attractions and repulsions between molecules, which can significantly affect how a substance behaves in different conditions. Understanding intermolecular forces (分子间力) is essential for various scientific fields, including chemistry, biology, and materials science.To begin with, there are several types of intermolecular forces (分子间力), including hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonds are particularly strong and occur when a hydrogen atom is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. This type of force is responsible for many unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point compared to other similar-sized molecules.Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules, where the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another. This interaction is weaker than hydrogen bonding but still plays a significant role in the behavior of substances. For example, the solubility of certain salts in water can often be attributed to these intermolecular forces (分子间力).On the other hand, London dispersion forces are the weakest type of intermolecular forces (分子间力) and arise from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules. These forces are present in all molecules, whether polar or nonpolar, and become more significant in larger molecules. For instance, noble gases, which are nonpolar, exhibit these forces and can liquefy under low temperatures due to them.The strength of intermolecular forces (分子间力) directly influences various physical properties, such as boiling and melting points, viscosity, and surface tension. Substances with strong intermolecular forces (分子间力) tend to have higher boiling and melting points because more energy is required to overcome these attractions. For example, water has a high boiling point due to the presence of hydrogen bonds, allowing it to remain liquid over a wide range of temperatures.In contrast, substances with weak intermolecular forces (分子间力), like methane, have low boiling points and exist as gases at room temperature. This understanding is not only fundamental in chemistry but also has practical applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, where the solubility of drugs can be influenced by their intermolecular forces (分子间力).Moreover, the concept of intermolecular forces (分子间力) extends beyond simple molecular interactions. In biological systems, these forces are critical for the structure and function of biomolecules. For instance, the double helix structure of DNA is maintained by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases, showcasing the importance of intermolecular forces (分子间力) in biological processes.In conclusion, intermolecular forces (分子间力) are fundamental to understanding the behavior of substances in various states of matter. By studying these forces, scientists can predict and manipulate the properties of materials, leading to advancements in technology and medicine. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of intermolecular forces (分子间力) is vital for anyone interested in the sciences, as they form the backbone of molecular interactions that govern the physical world around us.

分子间力在决定物质的物理性质方面起着至关重要的作用。这些力是分子之间的吸引和排斥，可以显著影响物质在不同条件下的行为。理解intermolecular forces（分子间力）对化学、生物学和材料科学等多个科学领域至关重要。首先，有几种类型的intermolecular forces（分子间力），包括氢键、偶极-偶极相互作用和伦敦色散力。氢键特别强，当氢原子与氮、氧或氟等高度电负性的原子结合时，就会发生这种情况。这种类型的力负责水的许多独特性质，例如与其他类似大小的分子相比，其高沸点。偶极-偶极相互作用发生在极性分子之间，其中一个分子的正端被另一个分子的负端吸引。这种相互作用比氢键弱，但仍然在物质的行为中发挥重要作用。例如，某些盐在水中的溶解度往往可以归因于这些intermolecular forces（分子间力）。另一方面，伦敦色散力是最弱的intermolecular forces（分子间力），并且源于分子内部电子分布的临时波动。这些力存在于所有分子中，无论是极性还是非极性，并且在较大分子中变得更为显著。例如，惰性气体是非极性的，由于这些力，它们在低温下可以液化。intermolecular forces（分子间力）的强度直接影响各种物理性质，例如沸点和熔点、粘度和表面张力。具有强intermolecular forces（分子间力）的物质通常具有较高的沸点和熔点，因为需要更多的能量来克服这些吸引力。例如，水由于氢键的存在而具有高沸点，使其在广泛的温度范围内保持液态。相比之下，具有弱intermolecular forces（分子间力）的物质，如甲烷，沸点较低，在室温下以气体形式存在。这种理解不仅在化学中是基础的，而且在制药等行业中也有实际应用，其中药物的溶解度可能会受到其intermolecular forces（分子间力）的影响。此外，intermolecular forces（分子间力）的概念超出了简单的分子相互作用。在生物系统中，这些力对于生物大分子的结构和功能至关重要。例如，DNA的双螺旋结构通过互补碱基之间的氢键维持，展示了intermolecular forces（分子间力）在生物过程中重要性。总之，intermolecular forces（分子间力）是理解物质在不同物质状态下行为的基础。通过研究这些力，科学家可以预测和操纵材料的性质，从而推动技术和医学的进步。总体而言，对intermolecular forces（分子间力）的全面理解对于任何对科学感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的，因为它们构成了支配我们周围物理世界的分子相互作用的基础。