inelastic scattering

简明释义

非弹性散射

英英释义

例句

1.The inelastic scattering of neutrons is a powerful tool for probing the structure of complex materials.

非弹性散射中子是一种探测复杂材料结构的强大工具。

2.During the collision, inelastic scattering caused the particles to lose energy and change direction.

在碰撞过程中，非弹性散射导致粒子失去能量并改变方向。

3.Researchers used inelastic scattering to study the magnetic properties of materials at different temperatures.

研究人员使用非弹性散射来研究材料在不同温度下的磁性特性。

4.In nuclear physics, inelastic scattering refers to the interaction where kinetic energy is not conserved, resulting in a change of internal energy states.

在核物理中，非弹性散射指的是动能不守恒的相互作用，导致内部能量状态的变化。

5.The experiment demonstrated that inelastic scattering can provide information about the vibrational modes of a molecule.

实验表明，非弹性散射可以提供关于分子振动模式的信息。

作文

In the field of physics, particularly in the study of particle interactions, the concept of inelastic scattering plays a crucial role in understanding how particles behave when they collide. Unlike elastic scattering, where the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved, inelastic scattering involves a change in the internal energy of the particles involved. This means that during the collision, some of the kinetic energy is transformed into other forms of energy, such as thermal energy or potential energy, leading to a change in the state of the particles. This phenomenon is vital in various scientific disciplines, including nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, and even astrophysics.To illustrate the significance of inelastic scattering, let us consider an example in nuclear physics. When high-energy neutrons collide with a nucleus, they can cause the nucleus to become excited. This excitation is a result of inelastic scattering, where the neutron transfers some of its energy to the nucleus, leading to a higher energy state. Eventually, the nucleus may return to its ground state by emitting gamma rays, which are a form of electromagnetic radiation. This process not only demonstrates the principles of inelastic scattering but also has practical applications in nuclear reactors and medical imaging techniques such as PET scans.In condensed matter physics, inelastic scattering is essential for understanding the properties of materials. For instance, when photons interact with a solid, they can cause vibrations in the lattice structure of the material. This interaction is described by inelastic scattering, where the energy of the incoming photon is partially absorbed, leading to phonon excitations. This process is crucial for techniques like Raman spectroscopy, which provides insights into molecular vibrations and can be used to identify materials and study their properties at the atomic level.Moreover, inelastic scattering also plays a significant role in astrophysics. When cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles from outer space, collide with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere, they can lead to a cascade of secondary particles through inelastic scattering. This interaction helps scientists understand the composition of cosmic rays and the processes occurring in extreme environments, such as supernovae or black hole accretion disks.In conclusion, the concept of inelastic scattering is fundamental in various branches of physics. It provides insights into the interactions between particles and the transformations of energy that occur during these collisions. Understanding inelastic scattering not only enhances our knowledge of fundamental physical principles but also paves the way for technological advancements in fields ranging from nuclear energy to material science and astrophysics. As research continues to evolve, the implications of inelastic scattering will undoubtedly lead to new discoveries and innovations that further our understanding of the universe.

在物理学领域，特别是在粒子相互作用的研究中，非弹性散射的概念在理解粒子碰撞时的行为中起着至关重要的作用。与总动能守恒的弹性散射不同，非弹性散射涉及到参与粒子的内部能量变化。这意味着在碰撞过程中，一部分动能转化为其他形式的能量，例如热能或势能，导致粒子状态的变化。这个现象在核物理、凝聚态物理甚至天体物理等多个科学领域中至关重要。为了说明非弹性散射的重要性，让我们考虑一个核物理学的例子。当高能中子与原子核碰撞时，它们可能会使原子核变得激发。这个激发是由于非弹性散射的结果，其中中子将其部分能量转移给原子核，从而导致更高的能量状态。最终，原子核可能通过发射伽马射线返回到基态，而伽马射线是一种电磁辐射。这一过程不仅展示了非弹性散射的原理，而且在核反应堆和医学成像技术（例如正电子发射断层扫描）中具有实际应用。在凝聚态物理学中，非弹性散射对于理解材料的性质至关重要。例如，当光子与固体相互作用时，它们可以引起材料晶格结构中的振动。这种相互作用由非弹性散射描述，其中入射光子的能量部分被吸收，导致声子激发。这个过程对于拉曼光谱技术至关重要，这种技术提供了分子振动的见解，并可用于识别材料和研究其原子级性质。此外，非弹性散射在天体物理学中也扮演着重要角色。当宇宙射线（来自外太空的高能粒子）与地球大气中的原子碰撞时，它们可以通过非弹性散射导致次级粒子级联。这种相互作用帮助科学家理解宇宙射线的组成以及在极端环境（如超新星或黑洞吸积盘）中发生的过程。总之，非弹性散射的概念在物理学的各个分支中都是基础性的。它提供了对粒子之间相互作用和这些碰撞过程中能量转化的深入理解。理解非弹性散射不仅增强了我们对基本物理原理的认识，还为核能、材料科学和天体物理等领域的技术进步铺平了道路。随着研究的不断发展，非弹性散射的影响无疑将导致新的发现和创新，进一步加深我们对宇宙的理解。