centromeres

简明释义

英[ˈsɛntrəʊmɪəz]美[ˈsɛntrəˌmɪrz]

n. [遗]着丝粒；著丝粒（centromere 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The incorporated O. eichingeri segments were small in size and mainly distributed away from centromeres.

易位的紧穗野生稻片段都很小，主要分布在远离着丝点的区域。

2.Dicentric — a structurally abnormal chromosome with two centromeres.

有两个着丝粒的结构异常的染色体。

3.Narcissus monosomes with middle centromeres were isolated with glass needles with the help of micromanipulator and then put into 0.

品种的中着丝粒单染色体，将分离到的单染色体放入0。

4.The kinetochores are the macromolecular structure that is associated with the centromeres of chromosomes and serves as the site of spindle microtubule attachment during mitosis.

着丝点是一个大分子物质，位于染色体的着丝粒上，在有丝分裂期间，是纺锤体微管附着的位置。

5.It would have telomere DNA at the center, and it would have two centromeres.

它的中心部位将有端粒dna，而且会同时含有两个着丝粒。

6.The kinetochores are the macromolecular structure that is associated with the centromeres of chromosomes and serves as the site of spindle microtubule attachment during mitosis.

着丝点是一个大分子物质，位于染色体的着丝粒上，在有丝分裂期间，是纺锤体微管附着的位置。

7.Polo-like kinases also phosphorylate the cohesin subunit SCC1, causing cohesin displacement from chromosome arms that allow for proper cohesin localization to centromeres (7).

Polo样蛋白激酶也可以磷酸化粘连蛋白亚基scc1，引起染色体臂的粘连蛋白移位，促进粘连蛋白的中心体适当定位(7)。

8.During cell division, the sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres (着丝粒), ensuring proper segregation into daughter cells.

在细胞分裂过程中，姐妹染色单体通过它们的centromeres（着丝粒）相连，确保正确分配到子细胞中。

9.Researchers have developed methods to visualize centromeres (着丝粒) during mitosis using fluorescent markers.

研究人员开发了使用荧光标记在有丝分裂期间可视化centromeres（着丝粒）的方法。

10.The study of centromeres (着丝粒) is crucial for understanding chromosomal abnormalities in cancer.

对centromeres（着丝粒）的研究对于理解癌症中的染色体异常至关重要。

11.Mutations in genes responsible for centromeres (着丝粒) can lead to severe genetic disorders.

负责centromeres（着丝粒）的基因突变可能导致严重的遗传疾病。

12.In many organisms, the centromeres (着丝粒) are characterized by specific DNA sequences that play a role in kinetochore formation.

在许多生物中，centromeres（着丝粒）具有特定的DNA序列，这些序列在动粒形成中起着重要作用。

作文

In the realm of genetics, understanding the role of various cellular components is crucial for unraveling the mysteries of life. One such component that plays a pivotal role in cell division is the centromeres. These structures are essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. The centromeres are located at a specific region of the chromosome, where they serve as the attachment point for spindle fibers. This connection is vital as it ensures that each daughter cell receives an accurate copy of the genetic material. Without functional centromeres, cells would not be able to divide correctly, leading to aneuploidy, which is a condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes. The structure of centromeres is unique compared to other regions of the chromosome. They are composed of repetitive DNA sequences and are often found in heterochromatin, which is a tightly packed form of DNA. This compact nature of centromeres is important because it helps in maintaining the integrity of the chromosome during the stressful process of cell division. Furthermore, the proteins associated with centromeres play a key role in forming the kinetochore, a protein complex that facilitates the movement of chromosomes. Research has shown that the behavior of centromeres can vary significantly between different organisms. For instance, in some plants, centromeres can be very large and contain extensive arrays of repetitive sequences, while in other species, they may be smaller and less complex. This variability highlights the evolutionary adaptations that have occurred in response to the specific needs of each organism. Understanding these differences can provide insights into evolutionary biology and the mechanisms of speciation. Moreover, centromeres are not only important for normal cellular function but also have implications in cancer research. Abnormalities in centromeres can lead to improper chromosome segregation, which is a hallmark of many cancers. Researchers are investigating how targeting centromeres and their associated proteins can lead to novel cancer therapies. By understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern centromeres, scientists hope to develop strategies that can correct or compensate for the errors that occur during cell division in cancerous cells. In conclusion, centromeres are more than just simple structures on chromosomes; they are integral to the fidelity of cell division and the maintenance of genetic stability. Their unique properties and functions make them a fascinating subject of study in genetics and molecular biology. As research continues to unfold, we are likely to gain deeper insights into the complexities of centromeres and their impact on health and disease. Understanding these structures is essential for advancing our knowledge of genetics and developing innovative approaches to treat various diseases, including cancer.

在遗传学领域，理解各种细胞成分的作用对于揭开生命的奥秘至关重要。其中一个在细胞分裂中发挥关键作用的成分是着丝粒。这些结构对于有丝分裂和减数分裂期间染色体的正确分配至关重要。着丝粒位于染色体的特定区域，作为纺锤丝的附着点。这种连接是至关重要的，因为它确保每个子细胞接收到准确的遗传物质副本。如果没有功能正常的着丝粒，细胞将无法正确分裂，从而导致非整倍体，这是一种以异常数量的染色体为特征的状态。着丝粒的结构与染色体的其他区域相比是独特的。它们由重复的DNA序列组成，并且通常位于异染色质中，异染色质是一种紧密包装的DNA形式。着丝粒的这种紧凑性在细胞分裂的压力过程中有助于维持染色体的完整性。此外，与着丝粒相关的蛋白质在形成动粒方面发挥关键作用，动粒是一种促进染色体运动的蛋白质复合物。研究表明，不同生物体之间着丝粒的行为可能显著不同。例如，在一些植物中，着丝粒可以非常大，并包含大量重复序列，而在其他物种中，它们可能较小且不那么复杂。这种变异突显了针对每个生物体特定需求而发生的进化适应。理解这些差异可以为进化生物学和物种形成机制提供见解。此外，着丝粒不仅对正常细胞功能重要，而且还在癌症研究中具有重要意义。着丝粒的异常可能导致染色体分配不当，这是许多癌症的标志。研究人员正在调查如何针对着丝粒及其相关蛋白质来开发新的癌症疗法。通过理解控制着丝粒的分子机制，科学家希望制定能够纠正或补偿癌细胞在细胞分裂过程中发生的错误的策略。总之，着丝粒不仅仅是染色体上的简单结构；它们对于细胞分裂的准确性和遗传稳定性的维护至关重要。它们独特的特性和功能使它们成为遗传学和分子生物学研究的迷人课题。随着研究的不断展开，我们很可能会深入了解着丝粒的复杂性及其对健康和疾病的影响。理解这些结构对于推进我们对遗传学的知识以及开发创新的方法治疗各种疾病（包括癌症）至关重要。