transition state

简明释义

跃迁态

英英释义

例句

1.In chemical reactions, the energy barrier to reach the transition state 过渡态 can determine the reaction rate.

在化学反应中，达到过渡态transition state的能量障碍可以决定反应速率。

2.Understanding the transition state 过渡态 helps chemists design better catalysts.

理解过渡态transition state有助于化学家设计更好的催化剂。

3.The transition state 过渡态 is a high-energy configuration that occurs during the conversion of reactants to products.

在反应物转化为产物的过程中，过渡态transition state是一个高能量的构型。

4.During the reaction, the molecules must pass through a transition state 过渡态 before forming the final product.

在反应过程中，分子必须经过一个过渡态transition state，才能形成最终产物。

5.The transition state 过渡态 theory provides insight into the mechanism of enzyme catalysis.

过渡态transition state理论为酶催化机制提供了洞见。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, the concept of a transition state is crucial for understanding how reactions occur. A transition state refers to a particular configuration of atoms that exists at the peak of the energy barrier during a chemical reaction. This state is highly unstable and represents the point at which reactants are transformed into products. Understanding the transition state is essential for chemists because it helps in predicting the rate of reactions and the pathways they may take. To illustrate, consider the example of a simple chemical reaction where two molecules collide to form a new product. Before the reaction can proceed, the molecules must overcome an energy barrier, known as the activation energy. The transition state is the highest energy point along this reaction pathway, where bonds are partially broken and formed. At this point, the system is in a delicate balance, and even a slight change in conditions can lead to the reaction either proceeding to completion or reverting back to the original reactants. The study of transition states has profound implications not only in chemistry but also in fields such as biochemistry and pharmacology. For instance, many enzymes work by stabilizing the transition state of a substrate, thereby lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. This stabilization is key to the enzyme's efficiency and specificity. By understanding how enzymes interact with their substrates at the transition state, scientists can design better drugs that mimic these interactions, leading to more effective treatments. Moreover, the concept of transition states extends beyond just molecular interactions. In a broader context, the idea can be applied to various fields, including physics and materials science. For example, in the process of phase transitions, materials may exist in a transition state between solid, liquid, and gas forms. Understanding these states can help in developing new materials with desirable properties. In conclusion, the transition state is a pivotal concept in understanding chemical reactions and their mechanisms. It serves as a bridge between reactants and products, illustrating the complexity and dynamism of chemical processes. As research continues to unveil the intricacies of the transition state, we gain deeper insights into the nature of reactions, enabling advancements in various scientific fields. The knowledge of transition states not only enhances our comprehension of chemistry but also paves the way for innovations in medicine, technology, and beyond.

在化学领域，过渡态的概念对于理解反应的发生至关重要。过渡态指的是在化学反应中存在的某一特定原子构型，它位于能量障碍的峰值上。这个状态极不稳定，代表了反应物转变为产物的点。理解过渡态对化学家来说至关重要，因为它有助于预测反应的速率及其可能采取的路径。为了说明这一点，考虑一个简单的化学反应示例，其中两个分子碰撞形成新的产物。在反应能够进行之前，分子必须克服一个被称为活化能的能量障碍。过渡态是沿着反应路径的最高能量点，此时键被部分断裂和形成。在这一点上，系统处于一种微妙的平衡中，即使条件稍有变化，也可能导致反应要么继续进行，要么回退到原始反应物。对过渡态的研究不仅在化学中具有深远的影响，还在生物化学和药理学等领域中发挥着重要作用。例如，许多酶通过稳定底物的过渡态来降低反应所需的活化能，从而提高反应效率和特异性。通过了解酶如何与底物在过渡态下相互作用，科学家可以设计出更有效的药物，以模仿这些相互作用，从而实现更有效的治疗。此外，过渡态的概念超越了分子相互作用。在更广泛的背景下，这一思想可以应用于物理学和材料科学等多个领域。例如，在相变过程中，材料可能处于固体、液体和气体形式之间的过渡态。理解这些状态可以帮助开发具有理想特性的材料。总之，过渡态是理解化学反应及其机制的关键概念。它作为反应物和产物之间的桥梁，展示了化学过程的复杂性和动态性。随着研究不断揭示过渡态的细微差别，我们对反应的本质有了更深刻的认识，推动了各个科学领域的进步。对过渡态的知识不仅增强了我们对化学的理解，也为医学、技术等领域的创新铺平了道路。