grain boundary

简明释义

晶界

英英释义

例句

1.Researchers are studying how grain boundaries affect the electrical conductivity of semiconductors, or 晶界如何影响半导体的电导率。

研究人员正在研究晶界如何影响半导体的电导率。

2.In metallurgy, controlling the size of grain boundaries is crucial for enhancing the toughness of steel, or 控制晶界的大小对提高钢的韧性至关重要。

在冶金学中，控制晶界的大小对提高钢的韧性至关重要。

3.The strength of a polycrystalline material can be significantly affected by its grain boundaries, referred to as 晶界 in Chinese.

多晶材料的强度可以被其晶界显著影响，中文称为晶界。

4.The properties of metals are often influenced by the structure of their grain boundary, which is known as 晶界 in Chinese.

金属的性质通常受到其晶界结构的影响，中文称为晶界。

5.The formation of grain boundaries during crystallization can lead to defects in the material, known as 晶界缺陷。

在结晶过程中形成的晶界可能导致材料中的缺陷，称为晶界缺陷。

作文

The study of materials science often leads us to explore the fundamental structures that make up various substances. One critical concept in this field is the notion of a grain boundary, which refers to the interface where two different crystalline grains meet within a solid material. Understanding grain boundaries is essential for predicting and enhancing the properties of metals, ceramics, and other materials used in engineering and technology. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of grain boundaries in materials science, their effects on mechanical properties, and their implications in real-world applications.To begin with, it is important to understand what constitutes a grain boundary. In crystalline materials, atoms are arranged in a highly ordered structure, forming what we call grains. When these grains grow during the solidification process, they can vary in size and orientation. The grain boundary is formed when two grains with different orientations come into contact. This boundary can affect how the material behaves under stress, temperature changes, and other environmental factors.One of the most significant impacts of grain boundaries is their role in determining the strength and ductility of materials. For instance, smaller grains typically lead to stronger materials due to a phenomenon known as the Hall-Petch relationship. This principle states that as the grain size decreases, the yield strength of the material increases. However, the presence of grain boundaries can also introduce weaknesses, particularly if they are poorly bonded or contain defects. Therefore, engineers must carefully consider the microstructure of materials when designing components for various applications.Moreover, grain boundaries can influence the electrical and thermal conductivity of materials. In metals, for example, grain boundaries can scatter electrons, which may reduce conductivity. Conversely, in certain semiconductor materials, grain boundaries can enhance electrical properties by creating localized states that facilitate charge transport. This dual nature highlights the importance of controlling grain boundaries during material processing to achieve desired performance characteristics.In practical applications, the understanding of grain boundaries extends beyond theoretical knowledge. For instance, in the aerospace industry, components must withstand extreme conditions while maintaining structural integrity. Engineers utilize advanced techniques such as heat treatment and alloying to manipulate grain boundaries to enhance performance. By optimizing grain size and distribution, they can create materials that are both lightweight and strong, meeting the rigorous demands of flight.Furthermore, the study of grain boundaries is crucial in the field of nanotechnology. As materials are engineered at the nanoscale, the significance of grain boundaries becomes even more pronounced. At this scale, the properties of materials can change dramatically, and understanding how grain boundaries affect these properties is essential for developing new nanomaterials with specific functionalities.In conclusion, grain boundaries are a fundamental aspect of materials science that significantly influences the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of materials. Their understanding is vital for engineers and scientists working to develop new materials and improve existing ones. By manipulating grain boundaries through various processing techniques, we can tailor materials to meet the needs of modern technology, from aerospace to electronics. As research continues to advance in this area, the potential for innovative applications remains vast, underscoring the importance of this seemingly simple yet complex concept.

材料科学的研究常常引导我们探索构成各种物质的基本结构。一个关键概念是晶界，它指的是固体材料中两个不同晶体晶粒相遇的界面。理解晶界对于预测和增强金属、陶瓷以及其他用于工程和技术的材料的性质至关重要。在这篇文章中，我们将深入探讨晶界在材料科学中的重要性、它们对机械性能的影响以及它们在现实应用中的意义。首先，了解什么构成了晶界是很重要的。在晶体材料中，原子以高度有序的结构排列，形成我们所称的晶粒。当这些晶粒在固化过程中生长时，它们的大小和取向可能会有所不同。晶界是在两个取向不同的晶粒接触时形成的。这种边界可以影响材料在应力、温度变化和其他环境因素下的表现。晶界的一个重要影响是它们在决定材料强度和延展性方面的作用。例如，较小的晶粒通常会导致材料更强，这一现象被称为霍尔-佩奇关系。该原理指出，随着晶粒尺寸的减小，材料的屈服强度增加。然而，晶界的存在也可能引入弱点，特别是当它们结合不良或含有缺陷时。因此，工程师在设计各种应用的组件时，必须仔细考虑材料的微观结构。此外，晶界还可以影响材料的电导率和热导率。例如，在金属中，晶界可以散射电子，从而降低导电性。相反，在某些半导体材料中，晶界可以通过创建局部状态来增强电性能，从而促进电荷传输。这种双重性质突显了在材料加工过程中控制晶界的重要性，以实现所需的性能特征。在实际应用中，对晶界的理解超越了理论知识。例如，在航空航天工业中，组件必须在极端条件下保持结构完整性。工程师利用先进的技术，如热处理和合金化，来操控晶界以增强性能。通过优化晶粒的大小和分布，他们可以制造出既轻便又坚固的材料，以满足飞行的严格要求。此外，晶界的研究在纳米技术领域至关重要。当材料在纳米尺度上进行工程设计时，晶界的重要性变得更加明显。在这个尺度上，材料的性质可能会发生剧烈变化，理解晶界如何影响这些性质对于开发具有特定功能的新型纳米材料至关重要。总之，晶界是材料科学的一个基本方面，显著影响材料的机械、电气和热性能。理解这一点对于从事新材料开发和改进现有材料的工程师和科学家至关重要。通过各种加工技术操控晶界，我们可以定制材料以满足现代技术的需求，从航空航天到电子产品。随着这一领域研究的不断进展，创新应用的潜力依然巨大，突显了这一看似简单但复杂的概念的重要性。