excluded volume effect

简明释义

已占体积效应

英英释义

例句

1.When studying protein interactions, the excluded volume effect 排斥体积效应 must be taken into account to accurately model binding affinities.

在研究蛋白质相互作用时，必须考虑排斥体积效应 排斥体积效应 以准确建模结合亲和力。

2.In simulations of liquids, the excluded volume effect 排斥体积效应 helps predict phase behavior under different conditions.

在液体模拟中，排斥体积效应 排斥体积效应 有助于预测不同条件下的相行为。

3.The excluded volume effect 排斥体积效应 is often observed in crowded environments where particles cannot occupy the same space.

在拥挤环境中，经常观察到排斥体积效应 排斥体积效应，因为粒子不能占据相同的空间。

4.In polymer science, the excluded volume effect 排斥体积效应 plays a crucial role in determining the properties of polymer solutions.

在聚合物科学中，排斥体积效应 排斥体积效应 在决定聚合物溶液的性质中起着至关重要的作用。

5.The excluded volume effect 排斥体积效应 can significantly affect the behavior of colloidal suspensions.

排斥体积效应 排斥体积效应 可以显著影响胶体悬浮液的行为。

作文

The concept of excluded volume effect plays a significant role in various fields of science, particularly in physical chemistry and materials science. It refers to the phenomenon where the presence of one particle in a system affects the available volume for another particle due to spatial constraints. This effect is crucial in understanding interactions in dense systems, such as polymers, colloids, and biological macromolecules.To illustrate the excluded volume effect, consider a solution containing large polymer chains. When these chains are present in a solvent, they occupy a certain amount of space, effectively 'excluding' other smaller molecules from that region. As a result, the smaller molecules experience a reduced volume in which they can move freely. This leads to changes in concentration, diffusion rates, and overall behavior of the system.In the context of polymer science, the excluded volume effect can significantly influence the properties of the material. For example, when designing new polymers for specific applications, understanding how these excluded volumes affect the polymer's conformation and interaction with solvents is essential. Polymers with a high excluded volume effect tend to have increased solubility and altered mechanical properties, making them suitable for various applications, including drug delivery systems and coatings.Moreover, the excluded volume effect is also relevant in biological systems. For instance, proteins and nucleic acids exist in crowded cellular environments where their interactions are influenced by the presence of other macromolecules. The spatial limitations imposed by the excluded volume effect can affect enzyme activity, protein folding, and the stability of nucleic acid structures. Therefore, understanding this effect is vital for biochemists and molecular biologists who aim to decipher complex cellular processes.Theoretical models, such as the Flory-Huggins theory, have been developed to quantify the excluded volume effect and its implications on phase behavior in polymer solutions. These models help predict how changes in concentration and temperature can affect the thermodynamic properties of the system, guiding researchers in the design of new materials with desirable characteristics.Furthermore, the excluded volume effect can also be observed in everyday phenomena. For example, when we mix different types of grains or powders, the larger particles can inhibit the movement of smaller ones, leading to a change in packing density. This has practical implications in industries such as food processing and pharmaceuticals, where the flow properties of powders are critical for manufacturing processes.In conclusion, the excluded volume effect is a fundamental concept that impacts a wide range of scientific disciplines. From influencing the behavior of polymers to affecting biological processes, understanding this phenomenon is essential for researchers and practitioners alike. By recognizing the importance of spatial constraints in various systems, scientists can better predict and manipulate material properties, leading to innovative solutions in technology and medicine.

“排除体积效应”这一概念在科学的多个领域中扮演着重要角色，尤其是在物理化学和材料科学中。它指的是一个粒子在系统中存在时，由于空间限制而影响另一个粒子可用体积的现象。这一效应对于理解密集系统中的相互作用至关重要，如聚合物、胶体和生物大分子。为了说明“排除体积效应”，可以考虑一个含有大聚合物链的溶液。当这些链存在于溶剂中时，它们占据了一定的空间，有效地“排除”其他较小的分子进入该区域。因此，较小的分子会体验到一个减少的自由运动体积。这导致了浓度、扩散速率和系统整体行为的变化。在聚合物科学的背景下，“排除体积效应”可以显著影响材料的性质。例如，在设计新聚合物以用于特定应用时，理解这些排除体积如何影响聚合物的构象及其与溶剂的相互作用是至关重要的。具有高“排除体积效应”的聚合物往往具有更高的溶解度和改变的机械性质，使其适合于各种应用，包括药物传递系统和涂层。此外，“排除体积效应”在生物系统中也很相关。例如，蛋白质和核酸存在于拥挤的细胞环境中，其相互作用受到其他大分子存在的影响。排除体积效应所施加的空间限制可能影响酶活性、蛋白质折叠和核酸结构的稳定性。因此，理解这一效应对于生物化学家和分子生物学家来说至关重要，他们旨在解读复杂的细胞过程。理论模型，如Flory-Huggins理论，已被开发出来以量化“排除体积效应”及其对聚合物溶液相行为的影响。这些模型有助于预测浓度和温度变化如何影响系统的热力学性质，从而指导研究人员设计具有理想特性的新的材料。此外，“排除体积效应”在日常现象中也可以观察到。例如，当我们混合不同类型的谷物或粉末时，较大的颗粒可以抑制较小颗粒的运动，导致堆积密度的变化。这在食品加工和制药等行业中具有实际意义，因为粉末的流动性质对制造过程至关重要。总之，“排除体积效应”是一个基本概念，影响着广泛的科学学科。从影响聚合物的行为到影响生物过程，理解这一现象对于研究人员和从业者来说都是必不可少的。通过认识到各种系统中空间限制的重要性，科学家们可以更好地预测和操控材料特性，从而在技术和医学领域带来创新解决方案。