dipole moment

简明释义

偶极矩

英英释义

例句

1.Measuring the dipole moment is crucial for understanding intermolecular forces.

测量偶极矩对于理解分子间作用力至关重要。

2.The water molecule has a significant dipole moment, which is responsible for its high boiling point.

水分子具有显著的偶极矩，这导致其高沸点。

3.The dipole moment of a molecule can influence its solubility in polar solvents.

分子的偶极矩可以影响其在极性溶剂中的溶解度。

4.In molecular chemistry, the dipole moment can help predict the polarity of a molecule.

在分子化学中，偶极矩可以帮助预测分子的极性。

5.The dipole moment of ammonia is higher than that of methane, making it more polar.

氨的偶极矩高于甲烷，使其更具极性。

作文

The concept of dipole moment is fundamental in the field of chemistry and physics, as it helps to describe the polarity of molecules. A dipole moment occurs when there is a separation of positive and negative charges within a molecule, leading to the creation of an electric dipole. This separation can arise due to differences in electronegativity between atoms, resulting in uneven distribution of electron density. For instance, in a water molecule (H2O), oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, which creates a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. This gives water a significant dipole moment, making it a polar molecule.Understanding dipole moment is crucial for explaining various physical and chemical properties of substances. Molecules with high dipole moments tend to have stronger intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, which significantly affects their boiling and melting points. For example, water's high dipole moment contributes to its high boiling point compared to other similar-sized molecules like methane (CH4), which is non-polar and has a much lower boiling point.In addition to affecting boiling and melting points, dipole moments play a vital role in solubility. Polar solvents, like water, are effective at dissolving ionic and polar compounds due to their ability to stabilize charged species through interactions with their dipole moments. This principle is often summarized by the phrase "like dissolves like," meaning that polar solvents will typically dissolve polar solutes, while non-polar solvents will dissolve non-polar solutes.Moreover, the concept of dipole moment extends beyond individual molecules to larger systems, such as in biological molecules. For example, proteins often exhibit regions of varying dipole moments due to the presence of polar and non-polar amino acids. These variations can influence protein folding, stability, and interactions with other biomolecules, thereby playing a critical role in biological functions.In summary, the dipole moment is a key concept that describes the distribution of electrical charge within a molecule and is essential for understanding molecular interactions, physical properties, and solubility. Its implications stretch across various scientific disciplines, highlighting the importance of this phenomenon in both theoretical and practical applications. As we continue to explore the intricacies of molecular behavior, the dipole moment will undoubtedly remain a central topic of study, shaping our understanding of chemistry and physics for years to come.

‘偶极矩’这一概念在化学和物理学领域中是基础性的，因为它有助于描述分子的极性。当分子内正负电荷分离时，就会产生‘偶极矩’，这导致了电偶极的形成。这种分离可能由于原子之间的电负性差异而产生，导致电子密度的不均匀分布。例如，在水分子（H2O）中，氧的电负性高于氢，这在氧原子上产生部分负电荷，而在氢原子上产生部分正电荷。这使得水具有显著的‘偶极矩’，使其成为极性分子。理解‘偶极矩’对于解释物质的各种物理和化学性质至关重要。具有高‘偶极矩’的分子往往具有更强的分子间作用力，例如氢键，这显著影响它们的沸点和熔点。例如，水的高‘偶极矩’使其沸点高于其他相似大小的分子，如甲烷（CH4），后者是非极性的，沸点要低得多。除了影响沸点和熔点外，‘偶极矩’在溶解度方面也发挥着重要作用。极性溶剂，如水，能够有效地溶解离子和极性化合物，因为它们能够通过与其‘偶极矩’的相互作用来稳定带电物种。这一原理通常用“相似物质相溶”来总结，这意味着极性溶剂通常会溶解极性溶质，而非极性溶剂则会溶解非极性溶质。此外，‘偶极矩’的概念不仅限于单个分子，还扩展到较大的系统，例如生物分子。例如，蛋白质通常由于极性和非极性氨基酸的存在而表现出不同的‘偶极矩’区域。这些变化可以影响蛋白质的折叠、稳定性以及与其他生物分子的相互作用，从而在生物功能中发挥关键作用。总之，‘偶极矩’是一个关键概念，用于描述分子内电荷分布，并且对理解分子相互作用、物理性质和溶解度至关重要。它的影响跨越多个科学学科，突显了这一现象在理论和实际应用中的重要性。随着我们继续探索分子行为的复杂性，‘偶极矩’无疑将继续成为研究的中心主题，塑造我们对化学和物理学的理解。