differential extraction

简明释义

微分萃取

英英释义

例句

1.During the trial, the defense attorney questioned the validity of the differential extraction method used by the prosecution.

在审判期间，辩护律师质疑检方使用的differential extraction 方法的有效性。

2.By employing differential extraction, scientists can enhance the sensitivity of their DNA analysis.

通过采用differential extraction，科学家可以提高DNA分析的灵敏度。

3.The process of differential extraction allows researchers to analyze specific components in complex mixtures.

differential extraction 的过程使研究人员能够分析复杂混合物中的特定成分。

4.In forensic science, differential extraction is crucial for separating male and female DNA from a mixed sample.

在法医学中，differential extraction 对于从混合样本中分离男性和女性DNA至关重要。

5.The study utilized differential extraction techniques to isolate RNA from various cell types.

该研究利用differential extraction 技术从不同细胞类型中分离RNA。

作文

In the realm of forensic science, the concept of differential extraction plays a pivotal role in analyzing complex biological samples. This technique is primarily used to separate the DNA from different cellular sources, particularly when dealing with sexual assault cases where both the victim's and the perpetrator's DNA may be present in a single sample. By employing differential extraction, forensic scientists can isolate the DNA of the perpetrator from that of the victim, thus allowing for more accurate identification and analysis.The process of differential extraction involves several steps, starting with the collection of the biological sample, which could be anything from a swab taken from a crime scene to a sample obtained from a victim's body. Once the sample is collected, it undergoes a series of treatments designed to break down the cells and release the DNA. The first step typically involves using a lysis buffer that breaks open the cells, releasing their contents into the solution.After the initial lysis, the sample is treated with a series of chemicals that selectively target the different types of cells present. For instance, in cases where both epithelial cells (from the victim) and sperm cells (from the perpetrator) are present, the treatment will focus on lysing the epithelial cells while leaving the sperm cells intact. This selective lysis is crucial because it allows forensic scientists to extract the DNA from the sperm cells without contamination from the victim's DNA.Once the separation is achieved, the next stage of differential extraction involves purifying the extracted DNA. This purification process is essential to remove any remaining cellular debris and to ensure that the DNA is suitable for further analysis, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification or DNA profiling. The purified DNA can then be analyzed using various techniques to generate a DNA profile that can be compared against known samples or databases.The significance of differential extraction cannot be overstated in forensic investigations. It not only enhances the chances of obtaining a clear and uncontaminated DNA profile but also serves as a powerful tool in the pursuit of justice. By accurately identifying the perpetrator through their DNA, law enforcement agencies can build stronger cases and increase the likelihood of successful prosecutions.Moreover, the advancement of differential extraction techniques has evolved over the years, leading to improved sensitivity and specificity in DNA analysis. Modern methods have been developed to handle increasingly degraded samples, which is particularly important in older cases where DNA may have deteriorated over time. These advancements have broadened the scope of forensic investigation, allowing for the reopening of cold cases and providing closure to victims and their families.In conclusion, differential extraction represents a cornerstone of modern forensic science, enabling the effective separation and analysis of DNA from mixed samples. Its application in criminal investigations not only aids in the identification of suspects but also reinforces the integrity of the judicial process. As forensic technology continues to evolve, the importance of differential extraction will remain paramount in ensuring that justice is served.

在法医学领域，短语differential extraction（差异提取）的概念在分析复杂生物样本方面发挥着关键作用。这项技术主要用于分离来自不同细胞来源的DNA，尤其是在处理性侵犯案件时，受害者和犯罪者的DNA可能同时存在于一个样本中。通过采用differential extraction，法医科学家可以将犯罪者的DNA与受害者的DNA分离，从而实现更准确的识别和分析。differential extraction的过程涉及几个步骤，首先是收集生物样本，这可以是从犯罪现场提取的拭子或从受害者体内获得的样本。一旦样本被收集，它将经历一系列处理，以破坏细胞并释放DNA。第一步通常涉及使用裂解缓冲液，该液体可以打开细胞，释放其内容物到溶液中。在初步裂解后，样本会经过一系列化学物质的处理，这些化学物质选择性地针对存在的不同类型的细胞。例如，在同时存在上皮细胞（来自受害者）和精子细胞（来自犯罪者）的情况下，处理将专注于裂解上皮细胞，同时保持精子细胞的完整。这种选择性裂解至关重要，因为它使法医科学家能够提取精子细胞中的DNA，而不受到受害者DNA的污染。一旦分离完成，differential extraction的下一阶段涉及提纯提取的DNA。这个提纯过程对于去除任何剩余的细胞碎片至关重要，并确保DNA适合进一步分析，例如聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增或DNA谱系分析。然后，可以使用各种技术对提纯的DNA进行分析，以生成DNA谱系，并与已知样本或数据库进行比较。differential extraction的重要性在法医调查中不可低估。它不仅提高了获得清晰且未污染的DNA谱系的机会，而且作为追求公正的强大工具。通过准确识别犯罪者的DNA，执法机构可以建立更强的案件并增加成功起诉的可能性。此外，differential extraction技术近年来也有所进步，导致DNA分析的灵敏度和特异性得到了改善。现代方法已经发展出可以处理越来越降解的样本，这在处理旧案件时尤为重要，因为这些样本的DNA可能随着时间的推移而退化。这些进展拓宽了法医调查的范围，使冷案的重新审理成为可能，并为受害者及其家庭提供了闭环。总之，differential extraction代表了现代法医学的基石，使得有效分离和分析混合样本中的DNA成为可能。它在刑事调查中的应用不仅有助于识别嫌疑人，还增强了司法过程的完整性。随着法医技术的不断发展，differential extraction的重要性将在确保公正得到伸张的过程中继续占据重要地位。