covalent radius

简明释义

共价键半径

英英释义

例句

1.When comparing the covalent radii of different elements, we can predict their reactivity.

通过比较不同元素的共价半径，我们可以预测它们的反应性。

2.The covalent radius of hydrogen is significantly less than that of iodine.

氢的共价半径明显小于碘。

3.The covalent radius increases as you move down a group in the periodic table.

在周期表中，随着向下移动，共价半径增大。

4.In organic chemistry, understanding the covalent radius helps in predicting molecular shapes.

在有机化学中，理解共价半径有助于预测分子形状。

5.The covalent radius of carbon is smaller than that of sulfur, indicating stronger bonding potential.

碳的共价半径小于硫，表明其更强的结合潜力。

作文

The concept of covalent radius is fundamental in the field of chemistry, particularly when discussing the properties of atoms and how they bond with one another. The covalent radius refers to the measure of the size of an atom that forms part of a covalent bond. It is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together. Understanding the covalent radius is crucial because it influences various chemical properties such as bond length, bond strength, and molecular geometry.In order to grasp the importance of the covalent radius, one must first understand what covalent bonds are. Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons, allowing them to achieve a more stable electronic configuration. This sharing of electrons creates an attraction between the positively charged nuclei of the atoms and the negatively charged electrons. The covalent radius essentially provides insight into how closely these atoms can approach each other without repelling due to their positive charges.Different elements have varying covalent radii, which can be attributed to their position on the periodic table. Generally, as you move down a group in the periodic table, the covalent radius increases. This is because additional electron shells are added, which increases the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons. Conversely, as you move from left to right across a period, the covalent radius tends to decrease. This occurs because the increasing positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons closer, resulting in a smaller atomic size.The covalent radius is not only important for understanding atomic size but also plays a significant role in predicting the behavior of molecules. For example, when two atoms with different covalent radii bond together, the resulting bond length can be estimated by adding their respective covalent radii. This estimation can help chemists understand how different molecules will interact with one another, which is essential for fields such as drug design and materials science.Moreover, the concept of covalent radius extends beyond single atoms; it also applies to polyatomic molecules. In complex molecules, the arrangement of atoms and their respective covalent radii can determine the overall shape and reactivity of the molecule. For instance, the tetrahedral shape of methane (CH4) is a direct result of the covalent radii of carbon and hydrogen, which dictates the angles between the bonds.In conclusion, the covalent radius is a vital concept in chemistry that helps explain the behavior and properties of atoms and molecules. By understanding how the covalent radius varies among different elements and its implications for bonding and molecular structure, students and professionals alike can gain deeper insights into chemical interactions. This knowledge is not only academically enriching but also practically applicable in various scientific and industrial fields. Thus, mastering the concept of covalent radius is essential for anyone looking to pursue a career in the sciences or simply wanting to understand the world around them better.

共价半径的概念在化学领域中是基础性的，特别是在讨论原子的性质以及它们如何相互结合时。共价半径指的是形成共价键的原子的大小测量。它被定义为两个相同原子结合在一起时，核之间距离的一半。理解共价半径至关重要，因为它影响各种化学性质，如键长、键强度和分子几何形状。为了掌握共价半径的重要性，人们必须首先了解什么是共价键。共价键是当两个原子共享电子时形成的，使它们能够获得更稳定的电子配置。这种电子的共享在原子的正电荷核与负电荷电子之间产生了吸引力。共价半径本质上提供了对这些原子在不因其正电荷而排斥的情况下可以多么接近彼此的洞察。不同元素具有不同的共价半径，这可以归因于它们在周期表中的位置。通常，当你向下移动周期表中的一组时，共价半径会增加。这是因为增加了电子壳层，从而增加了核与最外层电子之间的距离。相反，当你从左到右移动一个周期时，共价半径往往会减小。这是因为核中的正电荷增加，使电子更靠近，导致原子大小变小。共价半径不仅对于理解原子大小很重要，而且在预测分子的行为方面也发挥着重要作用。例如，当两个具有不同共价半径的原子结合在一起时，可以通过将它们各自的共价半径相加来估计生成的键长。这种估计可以帮助化学家理解不同分子之间的相互作用，这对药物设计和材料科学等领域至关重要。此外，共价半径的概念不仅适用于单个原子；它也适用于多原子分子。在复杂分子中，原子的排列及其各自的共价半径可以决定分子的整体形状和反应性。例如，甲烷（CH4）的四面体形状直接源于碳和氢的共价半径，这决定了键之间的角度。总之，共价半径是化学中一个重要的概念，有助于解释原子和分子的行为和特性。通过理解共价半径在不同元素之间的变化及其对键合和分子结构的影响，学生和专业人士都可以深入了解化学相互作用。这一知识不仅在学术上丰富，而且在各个科学和工业领域中具有实际应用。因此，掌握共价半径的概念对于任何希望追求科学事业或只是想更好地理解周围世界的人来说都是至关重要的。