concentration overvoltage

简明释义

浓差超电势

英英释义

例句

1.The increase in battery efficiency can be attributed to the reduction of concentration overvoltage (浓度过电压) during charging.

电池效率的提高可以归因于充电过程中减少了浓度过电压（浓度过电压）。

2.During the experiment, we measured the concentration overvoltage (浓度过电压) at different electrolyte concentrations.

在实验过程中，我们测量了不同电解质浓度下的浓度过电压（浓度过电压）。

3.The researchers focused on how concentration overvoltage (浓度过电压) affects the overall energy output of the fuel cell.

研究人员专注于如何浓度过电压（浓度过电压）影响燃料电池的整体能量输出。

4.Understanding concentration overvoltage (浓度过电压) can help engineers design better batteries.

理解浓度过电压（浓度过电压）可以帮助工程师设计更好的电池。

5.In electrochemical cells, minimizing concentration overvoltage (浓度过电压) is crucial for optimal performance.

在电化学电池中，最小化浓度过电压（浓度过电压）对优化性能至关重要。

作文

In the field of electrochemistry, one important concept that often arises is concentration overvoltage. This term refers to the additional voltage that is required to drive an electrochemical reaction at a rate that exceeds the equilibrium state due to a concentration gradient of reactants or products. Understanding concentration overvoltage is crucial for optimizing various electrochemical processes, including batteries, fuel cells, and electrolyzers.When an electrochemical reaction occurs, the concentrations of the reactants and products can change significantly. As reactants are consumed and products are formed, the local concentration of these species near the electrode surface may differ from their bulk concentrations. This difference creates a concentration gradient, which can hinder the reaction rate. The concentration overvoltage is essentially the extra energy needed to overcome this barrier, allowing the reaction to proceed at a desired rate.To illustrate this concept, consider a simple electrochemical cell where a metal ion is reduced at the cathode. If the concentration of the metal ion in the solution is high, the reaction can proceed efficiently, and little additional voltage is needed. However, if the concentration is low, the reaction rate slows down, and the system requires a higher voltage to maintain the same current density. This increase in voltage due to low reactant concentration is what we refer to as concentration overvoltage.The significance of concentration overvoltage extends beyond theoretical discussions; it has practical implications in the design and operation of electrochemical systems. For instance, in batteries, a high concentration overvoltage can lead to decreased efficiency and capacity loss. Engineers must carefully manage the concentrations of reactants and products to minimize concentration overvoltage and ensure optimal performance.Moreover, in fuel cells, the presence of concentration overvoltage can affect the overall energy conversion efficiency. If the reactants (like hydrogen and oxygen) are not supplied at adequate concentrations, the fuel cell will experience increased voltage losses, leading to lower power output. Therefore, understanding how to mitigate concentration overvoltage is essential for improving fuel cell technology and making it more viable for widespread use.In conclusion, concentration overvoltage is a fundamental concept in electrochemistry that describes the additional voltage required to drive reactions under non-equilibrium conditions. Its implications are far-reaching, affecting the efficiency and performance of various electrochemical systems. By grasping the principles behind concentration overvoltage, researchers and engineers can develop better strategies to optimize these systems, ultimately leading to advancements in energy storage and conversion technologies. As we continue to explore the intricacies of electrochemical reactions, the role of concentration overvoltage will undoubtedly remain a critical area of focus.

在电化学领域，一个常常出现的重要概念是浓度过电压。这个术语指的是由于反应物或产物的浓度梯度，驱动电化学反应所需的额外电压。当反应速率超过平衡状态时，需要额外的电压。理解浓度过电压对于优化各种电化学过程至关重要，包括电池、燃料电池和电解槽。当电化学反应发生时，反应物和产物的浓度可能会发生显著变化。随着反应物被消耗和产物的形成，电极表面附近这些物质的局部浓度可能与其体积分布浓度不同。这种差异会产生浓度梯度，从而阻碍反应速率。浓度过电压本质上是克服这一障碍所需的额外能量，使反应以所需速率进行。为了说明这个概念，可以考虑一个简单的电化学电池，其中金属离子在阴极处被还原。如果溶液中金属离子的浓度很高，反应可以有效进行，所需的额外电压很少。然而，如果浓度较低，反应速率会减慢，系统需要更高的电压来维持相同的电流密度。这种由于反应物浓度低而导致的电压增加就是我们所称的浓度过电压。浓度过电压的意义不仅限于理论讨论；它在电化学系统的设计和运行中具有实际影响。例如，在电池中，高浓度过电压会导致效率降低和容量损失。工程师必须仔细管理反应物和产物的浓度，以最小化浓度过电压并确保最佳性能。此外，在燃料电池中，浓度过电压的存在会影响整体能量转换效率。如果反应物（如氢气和氧气）未以足够的浓度供应，燃料电池将经历更高的电压损失，从而导致功率输出降低。因此，理解如何减轻浓度过电压对于提高燃料电池技术至关重要，使其在广泛应用中更具可行性。总之，浓度过电压是电化学中的一个基本概念，描述了在非平衡条件下驱动反应所需的额外电压。其影响深远，影响着各种电化学系统的效率和性能。通过掌握浓度过电压背后的原理，研究人员和工程师可以制定更好的策略来优化这些系统，最终推动能量存储和转化技术的进步。随着我们继续探索电化学反应的复杂性，浓度过电压的角色无疑将仍然是一个关键关注领域。