circular dichroism

简明释义

圆二色性

英英释义

例句

1.In drug development, circular dichroism 圆二色性 can help determine the interaction between a drug and its target protein.

在药物开发中，圆二色性 circular dichroism 可以帮助确定药物与其靶蛋白之间的相互作用。

2.The circular dichroism 圆二色性 technique is valuable for studying chiral molecules.

研究手性分子时，圆二色性 circular dichroism 技术非常有价值。

3.Researchers used circular dichroism 圆二色性 spectroscopy to investigate the conformational changes in DNA.

研究人员使用圆二色性 circular dichroism 光谱法来研究DNA的构象变化。

4.The study of protein structures often employs circular dichroism 圆二色性 to analyze their secondary structures.

蛋白质结构的研究通常利用圆二色性 circular dichroism 来分析其二级结构。

5.By analyzing the circular dichroism 圆二色性 spectra, scientists can infer the presence of specific functional groups in a compound.

通过分析圆二色性 circular dichroism 光谱，科学家可以推断化合物中特定功能团的存在。

作文

Understanding the principles of circular dichroism is essential for anyone involved in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology. Circular dichroism (圆二色性) is a spectroscopic technique used to analyze the optical properties of chiral molecules, which are molecules that cannot be superimposed on their mirror images. This property is particularly significant when studying proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules where the three-dimensional structure plays a crucial role in function.The concept of circular dichroism arises from the interaction of circularly polarized light with chiral substances. When circularly polarized light passes through a sample, it can be absorbed differently depending on the orientation of the chiral molecules present. This differential absorption leads to a measurable signal that can provide insights into the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets. One of the primary applications of circular dichroism is in protein folding studies. Understanding how proteins fold into their functional forms is vital for various biological processes, and circular dichroism allows researchers to monitor changes in protein conformation under different conditions. For instance, by observing the changes in the CD spectra, scientists can infer whether a protein is adopting its native structure or if it is misfolded, which is critical in the study of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.Moreover, circular dichroism is not limited to proteins; it is also widely used in studying nucleic acids. The technique can provide information about the conformational states of DNA and RNA, helping researchers understand how these molecules interact with proteins and other ligands. For example, the binding of a drug to a nucleic acid can induce conformational changes that can be detected using circular dichroism, thereby offering insights into the mechanism of action of the drug.In addition to its applications in structural biology, circular dichroism is also valuable in quality control processes in the pharmaceutical industry. By ensuring that the secondary structures of proteins in therapeutic agents remain intact during production, manufacturers can maintain the efficacy and safety of their products. This aspect of circular dichroism underscores its importance beyond academic research, impacting real-world applications.Despite its numerous advantages, there are limitations to circular dichroism. The technique requires careful sample preparation and the results can be influenced by factors such as concentration, path length, and temperature. Therefore, it is often used in conjunction with other methods, such as X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to provide a comprehensive understanding of molecular structures.In conclusion, mastering the principles and applications of circular dichroism is crucial for those engaged in biochemical research. Its ability to provide insights into the structural characteristics of chiral molecules makes it an invaluable tool for studying proteins and nucleic acids. As research continues to advance, the role of circular dichroism will undoubtedly expand, offering new opportunities for discovery in the life sciences. Understanding circular dichroism will empower researchers to explore the complexities of molecular interactions and contribute to the development of novel therapeutics and biotechnological innovations.

理解圆二色性的原理对于任何参与生物化学和分子生物学领域的人来说都是至关重要的。圆二色性是一种光谱技术，用于分析手性分子的光学特性，这些分子是指无法与其镜像重叠的分子。这一特性在研究蛋白质、核酸和其他生物分子时尤为重要，因为三维结构在功能中起着关键作用。圆二色性的概念源于圆偏振光与手性物质的相互作用。当圆偏振光通过样品时，根据手性分子的取向，它的吸收情况可能不同。这种差异吸收导致可测量的信号，可以提供关于蛋白质的二级结构（如α螺旋和β折叠）的见解。圆二色性的主要应用之一是在蛋白质折叠研究中。了解蛋白质如何折叠成其功能形式对于各种生物过程至关重要，而圆二色性允许研究人员监测在不同条件下蛋白质构象的变化。例如，通过观察CD光谱的变化，科学家可以推断出蛋白质是否采用了其本征结构，或者是否发生了错误折叠，这在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等疾病的研究中至关重要。此外，圆二色性不仅限于蛋白质；它在研究核酸方面也被广泛使用。这项技术可以提供关于DNA和RNA构象状态的信息，帮助研究人员理解这些分子如何与蛋白质和其他配体相互作用。例如，药物与核酸的结合可以诱导构象变化，这可以通过圆二色性检测到，从而提供药物作用机制的见解。除了在结构生物学中的应用外，圆二色性在制药工业的质量控制过程中也非常有价值。通过确保治疗剂中蛋白质的二级结构在生产过程中保持完整，制造商可以维护其产品的有效性和安全性。圆二色性的这一方面强调了它在学术研究之外的重要性，对实际应用产生影响。尽管有许多优点，圆二色性仍然存在一些局限性。这项技术需要仔细的样品制备，结果可能会受到浓度、光程和温度等因素的影响。因此，它通常与其他方法（如X射线晶体学或核磁共振（NMR）光谱）结合使用，以提供对分子结构的全面理解。总之，掌握圆二色性的原理和应用对于从事生物化学研究的人至关重要。它能够提供关于手性分子结构特征的见解，使其成为研究蛋白质和核酸的宝贵工具。随着研究的不断进展，圆二色性的作用无疑将扩大，为生命科学领域的发现提供新的机会。了解圆二色性将使研究人员能够探索分子相互作用的复杂性，并为新型治疗方法和生物技术创新的发展做出贡献。