circular deoxyribonucleic acid

简明释义

环状脱氧核糖核酸

英英释义

例句

1.The presence of circular deoxyribonucleic acid in viruses can influence their ability to infect host cells.

病毒中存在的环状脱氧核糖核酸可以影响其感染宿主细胞的能力。

2.In yeast, circular deoxyribonucleic acid is essential for mitochondrial function and energy production.

在酵母中，环状脱氧核糖核酸对线粒体功能和能量生产至关重要。

3.The genetic material of many bacteria is composed of circular deoxyribonucleic acid, which allows for efficient replication.

许多细菌的遗传物质由环状脱氧核糖核酸组成，这使得复制过程高效。

4.Scientists are exploring how circular deoxyribonucleic acid can be used in gene therapy applications.

科学家们正在探索如何将环状脱氧核糖核酸应用于基因治疗。

5.Researchers are studying the role of circular deoxyribonucleic acid in plasmids to understand antibiotic resistance.

研究人员正在研究环状脱氧核糖核酸在质粒中的作用，以了解抗生素耐药性。

作文

The study of genetics has advanced significantly over the past few decades, leading to a deeper understanding of the molecular structures that underpin life. One of the most fascinating components of genetic material is circular deoxyribonucleic acid, often abbreviated as circular DNA. This unique form of DNA plays a crucial role in various biological processes, particularly in prokaryotic organisms. Unlike linear DNA found in eukaryotes, circular deoxyribonucleic acid is structured in a closed loop, which allows for efficient replication and stability within the cellular environment.In prokaryotes such as bacteria, circular deoxyribonucleic acid is the primary form of genetic material. These organisms possess a single, circular chromosome that contains all the necessary information for their survival and reproduction. The circular structure of this DNA enables it to replicate easily during cell division. When a bacterium divides, the circular deoxyribonucleic acid unwinds and replicates, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. This process is essential for the rapid reproduction rates observed in many bacterial species.Moreover, circular deoxyribonucleic acid is also found in plasmids, which are small, circular DNA molecules that exist independently of the chromosomal DNA. Plasmids carry additional genes that can provide advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance. When bacteria exchange plasmids through a process called horizontal gene transfer, they can rapidly acquire new capabilities, making them adaptable to changing environments. This mechanism is a significant factor in the evolution of bacterial populations and has implications for public health, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance.In addition to prokaryotic organisms, circular deoxyribonucleic acid is present in certain organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. These organelles have their own circular DNA, which is thought to be a remnant of an ancient symbiotic relationship between early eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic organisms. The presence of circular deoxyribonucleic acid in these organelles supports the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from the incorporation of prokaryotic cells.The understanding of circular deoxyribonucleic acid extends beyond its structural properties; it also has practical applications in biotechnology and genetic engineering. Scientists utilize plasmids as vectors to introduce foreign genes into host organisms, facilitating the production of proteins, vaccines, and other biopharmaceuticals. This technology has revolutionized medicine and agriculture, allowing for the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that can enhance food security and address health challenges.In conclusion, circular deoxyribonucleic acid is a fundamental aspect of genetic material that offers insights into the mechanisms of inheritance, evolution, and biotechnology. Its unique structure allows for efficient replication and gene transfer, making it a vital component of prokaryotic life and a valuable tool in scientific research. As we continue to explore the complexities of genetics, the importance of circular deoxyribonucleic acid will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of our understanding of life itself.

遗传学的研究在过去几十年中取得了显著进展，使我们更深入地理解了支撑生命的分子结构。基因物质中最迷人的组成部分之一是环状脱氧核糖核酸，通常缩写为环状DNA。这种独特形式的DNA在各种生物过程中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在原核生物中。与真核生物中的线性DNA不同，环状脱氧核糖核酸呈闭合环状结构，这使得在细胞环境中高效复制和稳定。在细菌等原核生物中，环状脱氧核糖核酸是主要的遗传物质。这些生物拥有一个单一的环状染色体，其中包含其生存和繁殖所需的所有信息。该DNA的环状结构使其在细胞分裂期间能够轻松复制。当细菌分裂时，环状脱氧核糖核酸会解旋并复制，确保每个子细胞都获得遗传物质的相同副本。这个过程对于许多细菌物种观察到的快速繁殖率至关重要。此外，环状脱氧核糖核酸也存在于质粒中，质粒是小型环状DNA分子，独立于染色体DNA存在。质粒携带额外的基因，可以提供有利的特性，例如抗生素抗性。当细菌通过称为水平基因转移的过程交换质粒时，它们可以迅速获得新能力，使其适应不断变化的环境。这一机制是细菌群体进化的重要因素，对公共健康具有重要影响，特别是在抗生素抗性方面。除了在原核生物中，环状脱氧核糖核酸还存在于真核细胞的某些细胞器中，如线粒体和叶绿体。这些细胞器拥有自己的环状DNA，这被认为是早期真核细胞与原核生物之间古老共生关系的遗留物。细胞器中存在的环状脱氧核糖核酸支持内共生理论，该理论认为真核细胞是通过原核细胞的结合而进化而来的。对环状脱氧核糖核酸的理解超出了其结构特性；它在生物技术和基因工程中也具有实际应用。科学家利用质粒作为载体，将外源基因引入宿主生物，从而促进蛋白质、疫苗和其他生物制药的生产。这项技术彻底改变了医学和农业，使得开发能够增强粮食安全和应对健康挑战的转基因生物（GMO）成为可能。总之，环状脱氧核糖核酸是遗传物质的基本方面，提供了对遗传、进化和生物技术机制的洞察。其独特结构允许高效的复制和基因转移，使其成为原核生物生活的重要组成部分，也是科学研究中的宝贵工具。随着我们继续探索遗传学的复杂性，环状脱氧核糖核酸的重要性无疑将始终处于我们对生命本质理解的前沿。