chemical equilibrium

简明释义

化学平衡

英英释义

例句

1.Le Chatelier's principle helps predict how a change in conditions affects chemical equilibrium.

勒夏特列原理有助于预测条件变化如何影响化学平衡。

2.When you add more reactants to a system at chemical equilibrium, the system will shift to the right to produce more products.

当你向处于化学平衡的系统中添加更多反应物时，系统将向右移动以生成更多的产物。

3.In a closed container, the reaction between hydrogen and iodine reaches chemical equilibrium, where the rate of formation of HI equals the rate of its decomposition.

在一个封闭的容器中，氢气和碘的反应达到化学平衡，此时HI的生成速率与其分解速率相等。

4.The concept of chemical equilibrium is crucial in understanding how reactions can be reversible.

化学平衡的概念对于理解反应如何可逆非常重要。

5.In industrial processes, achieving chemical equilibrium can maximize yield and efficiency.

在工业过程中，实现化学平衡可以最大化产量和效率。

作文

In the study of chemistry, one of the most fundamental concepts is that of chemical equilibrium, which is defined as a state in a reversible chemical reaction where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. This means that the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant over time, even though both reactions continue to occur. Understanding chemical equilibrium is essential for chemists because it helps predict how changes in conditions can affect the composition of a chemical system.To illustrate the concept of chemical equilibrium, consider the classic example of the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. The reaction can be represented as follows:N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)In this reaction, nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia. Initially, if we start with only nitrogen and hydrogen, the forward reaction will occur rapidly, leading to an increase in the concentration of ammonia. However, as the concentration of ammonia builds up, the reverse reaction, where ammonia decomposes back into nitrogen and hydrogen, also begins to take place. Eventually, a point is reached where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, and the system reaches chemical equilibrium.At this point, the concentrations of nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia remain constant, although the reactions are still occurring. This dynamic balance is what makes chemical equilibrium so fascinating; it is not a static state but rather a continuous process. Factors such as temperature, pressure, and concentration can shift the position of equilibrium, a principle described by Le Chatelier's Principle. For instance, increasing the pressure in the ammonia synthesis reaction will favor the formation of ammonia, shifting the equilibrium to the right.The concept of chemical equilibrium extends beyond simple reactions. It plays a crucial role in biological systems, environmental science, and industrial processes. For example, in the human body, many biochemical reactions reach equilibrium, allowing for the regulation of metabolic pathways. In environmental chemistry, understanding how pollutants interact and reach equilibrium concentrations helps in assessing their impact on ecosystems.Furthermore, the industrial production of chemicals often relies on manipulating chemical equilibrium to maximize yield. By adjusting conditions such as temperature and pressure, chemists can favor the formation of desired products while minimizing by-products. This is particularly important in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, and other essential chemicals.In conclusion, chemical equilibrium is a vital concept in chemistry that describes the state of balance in reversible reactions. It is characterized by equal rates of forward and reverse reactions, leading to constant concentrations of reactants and products. By studying chemical equilibrium, scientists can better understand and predict the behavior of chemical systems under various conditions. Its applications are vast, influencing everything from biological processes to industrial manufacturing. Mastering the principles of chemical equilibrium is therefore essential for anyone pursuing a career in the sciences or related fields.

在化学研究中，最基本的概念之一是化学平衡，它被定义为在可逆化学反应中，正反应和逆反应的速率相等的状态。这意味着反应物和产物的浓度随时间保持不变，即使这两个反应仍然继续发生。理解化学平衡对化学家来说至关重要，因为它有助于预测条件变化如何影响化学系统的组成。为了说明化学平衡的概念，我们考虑氮气和氢气合成氨的经典例子。这个反应可以表示如下：N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)在这个反应中，氮气与氢气反应生成氨。最初，如果我们只从氮气和氢气开始，正反应会迅速发生，导致氨的浓度增加。然而，随着氨浓度的增加，逆反应也开始发生，即氨分解回氮气和氢气。最终，当正反应的速率等于逆反应的速率时，系统达到化学平衡。此时，氮气、氢气和氨的浓度保持不变，尽管反应仍在进行。这种动态平衡使得化学平衡如此迷人；它不是一个静态状态，而是一个持续的过程。温度、压力和浓度等因素可以改变平衡的位置，这一原则由勒沙特列原理描述。例如，在氨合成反应中，增加压力将有利于氨的形成，从而将平衡向右移动。化学平衡的概念不仅限于简单反应。它在生物系统、环境科学和工业过程中发挥着重要作用。例如，在人体内，许多生化反应达到了平衡，允许代谢途径的调节。在环境化学中，了解污染物如何相互作用并达到平衡浓度有助于评估它们对生态系统的影响。此外，化学的工业生产通常依赖于操控化学平衡来最大化产量。通过调整温度和压力等条件，化学家可以促进所需产品的形成，同时最小化副产品。这在制药、肥料和其他重要化学品的合成中尤为重要。总之，化学平衡是化学中的一个重要概念，它描述了可逆反应中平衡的状态。其特点是正反应和逆反应的速率相等，导致反应物和产物的浓度保持恒定。通过研究化学平衡，科学家可以更好地理解和预测化学系统在各种条件下的行为。它的应用范围广泛，影响从生物过程到工业制造的方方面面。因此，掌握化学平衡的原理对于任何追求科学或相关领域职业的人来说都是必不可少的。