chain termination

简明释义

链终止反应

英英释义

例句

1.Certain viral infections can lead to chain termination 链终止 in host cell protein production.

某些病毒感染可以导致宿主细胞蛋白质生产中的链终止 链终止。

2.Researchers are studying how chain termination 链终止 affects the overall efficiency of gene expression.

研究人员正在研究链终止 链终止如何影响基因表达的整体效率。

3.In genetic studies, mutations that cause chain termination 链终止 are often significant for understanding disease mechanisms.

在基因研究中，导致链终止 链终止的突变通常对理解疾病机制具有重要意义。

4.The antibiotic works by inducing chain termination 链终止 during bacterial protein synthesis.

这种抗生素通过在细菌蛋白质合成过程中诱导链终止 链终止来发挥作用。

5.The process of protein synthesis can be disrupted by premature chain termination 链终止, leading to incomplete proteins.

蛋白质合成的过程可能会因过早的链终止 链终止而中断，导致不完整的蛋白质。

作文

The process of protein synthesis is a complex and highly regulated mechanism that involves various stages, including initiation, elongation, and termination. One of the crucial aspects of this process is what is known as chain termination, which refers to the point at which the polypeptide chain being synthesized is completed and released from the ribosome. This stage is vital for ensuring that proteins are produced correctly and function properly within the cell.During the elongation phase of translation, amino acids are sequentially added to the growing polypeptide chain. Each amino acid is brought to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which recognize specific codons on the messenger RNA (mRNA). However, the synthesis cannot continue indefinitely; it must eventually come to an end. This is where chain termination plays its role. The termination of the polypeptide chain occurs when a stop codon on the mRNA is reached. Stop codons are specific sequences of nucleotides that do not correspond to any amino acid. Instead, they signal the ribosome to halt translation. There are three stop codons in the genetic code: UAA, UAG, and UGA. When the ribosome encounters one of these codons, it triggers a series of events that lead to chain termination. Once a stop codon is recognized, release factors bind to the ribosome. These proteins facilitate the disassembly of the ribosomal complex and promote the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide. The released protein then undergoes folding and modifications, allowing it to attain its functional form. Without proper chain termination, proteins could be synthesized incorrectly, leading to malfunctioning or nonfunctional proteins that could disrupt cellular processes.Moreover, the importance of chain termination extends beyond just individual protein synthesis. It plays a significant role in gene expression regulation and overall cellular health. Errors in the termination process can result in diseases, including cancer, where proteins may be produced inappropriately or excessively. Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind chain termination is essential for advancements in biotechnology and medicine.In conclusion, chain termination is a fundamental step in the process of protein synthesis that ensures the correct production of proteins within cells. By recognizing stop codons and facilitating the release of completed polypeptides, this process is crucial for maintaining cellular function and regulating gene expression. Research into chain termination continues to provide insights into various biological processes and has implications for therapeutic interventions in disease treatment. As scientists delve deeper into the intricacies of molecular biology, the significance of chain termination will undoubtedly remain a key focus in understanding life at the cellular level.

蛋白质合成的过程是一个复杂且高度调节的机制，涉及多个阶段，包括起始、延长和终止。其中一个关键方面是被称为链终止的过程，这指的是正在合成的多肽链完成并从核糖体释放的时刻。这个阶段对于确保蛋白质正确生成并在细胞内正常功能至关重要。在翻译的延长阶段，氨基酸依次添加到不断增长的多肽链上。每个氨基酸通过转运RNA（tRNA）分子带到核糖体，这些分子识别信使RNA（mRNA）上的特定密码子。然而，合成不能无限进行；它最终必须结束。这就是链终止发挥作用的地方。当mRNA上的终止密码子被达到时，多肽链的合成就会停止。终止密码子是特定的核苷酸序列，不对应任何氨基酸。相反，它们向核糖体发出停止翻译的信号。遗传密码中有三个终止密码子：UAA、UAG和UGA。当核糖体遇到这些密码子之一时，会触发一系列事件，导致链终止。一旦识别到终止密码子，释放因子就会与核糖体结合。这些蛋白质促进核糖体复合物的解离，并促进新合成的多肽的释放。释放的蛋白质随后经历折叠和修饰，使其获得功能形态。如果没有适当的链终止，蛋白质可能会错误合成，导致功能失常或无功能的蛋白质，从而破坏细胞过程。此外，链终止的重要性不仅限于单个蛋白质合成。它在基因表达调控和整体细胞健康中也起着重要作用。终止过程中出现的错误可能导致疾病，包括癌症，其中蛋白质可能不适当地或过量产生。因此，理解链终止背后的机制对于生物技术和医学的进步至关重要。总之，链终止是蛋白质合成过程中一个基本步骤，确保细胞内蛋白质的正确生成。通过识别终止密码子并促进已完成多肽的释放，这一过程对维持细胞功能和调节基因表达至关重要。对链终止的研究继续提供对各种生物过程的深入了解，并对疾病治疗中的治疗干预具有重要意义。随着科学家深入探讨分子生物学的复杂性，链终止的重要性无疑将继续成为理解细胞层面生命的关键焦点。