chain scission

简明释义

断链

英英释义

例句

1.In the presence of ultraviolet light, chain scission 链断裂 can occur in certain plastics, making them brittle.

在紫外光的作用下，某些塑料可能会发生链断裂 链断裂，使其变得脆弱。

2.The process of polymer degradation often involves chain scission 链断裂, leading to a reduction in molecular weight.

聚合物降解的过程通常涉及链断裂 链断裂，导致分子量降低。

3.During the recycling process, chain scission 链断裂 can help break down complex polymers into simpler forms.

在回收过程中，链断裂 链断裂可以帮助将复杂聚合物分解成更简单的形式。

4.Chemical additives are often used to minimize chain scission 链断裂 in high-performance materials.

化学添加剂通常用于最小化高性能材料中的链断裂 链断裂。

5.The study focused on how temperature affects chain scission 链断裂 rates in synthetic fibers.

这项研究集中在温度如何影响合成纤维中链断裂 链断裂速率。

作文

In the field of polymer chemistry, understanding the mechanisms of polymer degradation is crucial for the development of more durable materials. One significant process involved in the degradation of polymers is known as chain scission. This term refers to the breaking of the chemical bonds within a polymer chain, leading to a reduction in molecular weight and altering the physical properties of the material. The phenomenon of chain scission can occur due to various factors, including heat, radiation, and mechanical stress. Each of these factors contributes to the overall stability and lifespan of polymeric materials.When polymers are subjected to high temperatures, the thermal energy can provide enough energy to break the covalent bonds that hold the polymer chains together. This process not only shortens the chains but can also create free radicals, which may further react with other polymer chains or additives present in the material. The result is a network of shorter polymer chains, which can lead to changes in viscosity and elasticity. In many applications, such as in the automotive and packaging industries, the occurrence of chain scission can significantly affect the performance and durability of the final product.Another factor that can induce chain scission is exposure to radiation. High-energy radiation, such as ultraviolet (UV) light or gamma rays, can cause the excitation of electrons within the polymer structure, leading to bond cleavage. This is particularly relevant in applications where polymers are exposed to sunlight or other forms of radiation for extended periods. The degradation caused by radiation can result in discoloration, loss of mechanical properties, and ultimately, failure of the material.Mechanical stress is yet another contributor to chain scission. When polymers are stretched or compressed, the physical forces can lead to the breaking of bonds within the chains. This is especially critical in applications where materials are subject to repeated loading and unloading, such as in rubber products or flexible plastics. Over time, the cumulative effect of mechanical stress can cause significant degradation, resulting in a loss of functionality.To mitigate the effects of chain scission, researchers and engineers often explore various strategies to enhance the stability of polymers. This includes the incorporation of stabilizers that can absorb harmful radiation or antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals formed during degradation. Additionally, the design of polymer blends or composites can improve the overall performance and resistance to environmental factors.In conclusion, the concept of chain scission is fundamental to understanding polymer degradation and its implications for material performance. By recognizing the conditions that lead to this process, scientists and engineers can develop better materials that withstand the challenges posed by heat, radiation, and mechanical stress. As the demand for high-performance polymers continues to grow, the study of chain scission will remain an essential area of research, guiding the future of material innovation and sustainability.

在聚合物化学领域，理解聚合物降解的机制对于开发更耐用的材料至关重要。一个涉及聚合物降解的重要过程被称为链断裂。这个术语指的是聚合物链内化学键的断裂，导致分子量的减少并改变材料的物理性质。链断裂现象可以由于多种因素而发生，包括热、辐射和机械应力。这些因素各自对聚合物材料的整体稳定性和使用寿命产生影响。当聚合物受到高温时，热能可能提供足够的能量来打破将聚合物链连接在一起的共价键。这个过程不仅缩短了链条，还可能产生自由基，这些自由基可能进一步与材料中存在的其他聚合物链或添加剂反应。结果是形成了一系列较短的聚合物链，这可能导致粘度和弹性的变化。在许多应用中，如汽车和包装工业，链断裂的发生可能显著影响最终产品的性能和耐用性。另一个可能引发链断裂的因素是辐射的暴露。高能辐射，如紫外线（UV）光或伽马射线，可以导致聚合物结构内电子的激发，从而导致键的断裂。这在聚合物长时间暴露于阳光或其他形式的辐射的应用中尤为相关。辐射造成的降解可能导致变色、机械性能丧失，最终导致材料的失效。机械应力也是导致链断裂的另一个因素。当聚合物被拉伸或压缩时，物理力量可能导致链内键的断裂。这在材料受到重复加载和卸载的应用中尤其关键，例如橡胶产品或柔性塑料。随着时间的推移，机械应力的累积效应可能导致显著的降解，从而导致功能的丧失。为了减轻链断裂的影响，研究人员和工程师通常探索各种策略以增强聚合物的稳定性。这包括加入能够吸收有害辐射的稳定剂或能够中和在降解过程中形成的自由基的抗氧化剂。此外，聚合物混合物或复合材料的设计可以改善整体性能和对环境因素的抵抗力。总之，链断裂的概念对于理解聚合物降解及其对材料性能的影响至关重要。通过认识导致这一过程的条件，科学家和工程师可以开发出更能抵御热、辐射和机械应力挑战的材料。随着对高性能聚合物需求的不断增长，对链断裂的研究将继续成为一项重要的研究领域，引导材料创新和可持续发展的未来。