carnot's cycle

简明释义

卡诺循环

英英释义

例句

1.In a theoretical sense, no engine can be more efficient than one operating on Carnot's cycle.

在理论上，没有任何发动机的效率能超过运行在卡诺循环上的发动机。

2.The concept of Carnot's cycle helps in understanding the limits of thermal efficiency.

卡诺循环的概念有助于理解热效率的极限。

3.The efficiency of a heat engine can be maximized using Carnot's cycle.

使用卡诺循环可以最大化热机的效率。

4.Understanding Carnot's cycle is crucial for thermodynamics students.

理解卡诺循环对热力学学生至关重要。

5.Engineers often refer to Carnot's cycle when designing more efficient engines.

工程师在设计更高效的发动机时常常参考卡诺循环。

作文

The concept of the Carnot's cycle is fundamental in the field of thermodynamics and serves as a benchmark for evaluating the efficiency of heat engines. Proposed by the French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824, the Carnot's cycle represents an idealized thermodynamic cycle that provides insight into the maximum possible efficiency that any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperature reservoirs. This idea is crucial for understanding how real engines can be improved and optimized.The Carnot's cycle consists of four reversible processes: two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes. In the first stage, the working substance, typically a gas, absorbs heat from a high-temperature reservoir at a constant temperature. This process is called isothermal expansion. During this phase, the gas expands and does work on the surroundings, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy.In the second stage, the gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, where it continues to do work on the surroundings without exchanging heat with its environment. As the gas expands adiabatically, its temperature decreases. This process is critical as it demonstrates how energy can be transformed from one form to another while adhering to the laws of thermodynamics.The third stage of the Carnot's cycle involves isothermal compression, where the gas is compressed at a constant temperature while releasing heat to a low-temperature reservoir. This process allows the gas to return to its original state, ready to repeat the cycle. Finally, in the fourth stage, the gas undergoes adiabatic compression, where it is compressed further without heat exchange, causing its temperature to rise back to the initial high temperature.The efficiency of a heat engine operating on the Carnot's cycle is determined by the temperatures of the two reservoirs. The formula for the efficiency (η) is given by η = 1 - (T_c/T_h), where T_c is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir and T_h is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir. This relationship highlights that the efficiency increases as the temperature difference between the two reservoirs increases. However, it also emphasizes the limitations imposed by the second law of thermodynamics, which states that no real engine can achieve the efficiency of a Carnot's cycle due to irreversibilities and losses present in practical systems.Understanding the Carnot's cycle is essential for engineers and scientists alike, as it lays the groundwork for advancements in energy conversion technologies. By striving to approach the ideal efficiency described by the Carnot's cycle, researchers can develop better engines, refrigeration systems, and other thermal devices that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. The principles derived from the Carnot's cycle continue to influence modern engineering practices and the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.In conclusion, the Carnot's cycle is a pivotal concept in thermodynamics, representing the highest theoretical efficiency achievable by a heat engine. Its four processes illustrate the transformation of thermal energy into work and provide a framework for understanding the limitations of real-world engines. By studying the Carnot's cycle, we can gain valuable insights into improving energy efficiency and fostering innovations in technology that align with our goals for a sustainable future.

“卡诺循环”是热力学领域的一个基本概念，是评估热机效率的基准。法国物理学家萨迪·卡诺于1824年提出的“卡诺循环”代表了一种理想化的热力学循环，为任何在两个温度储存之间工作的热机所能达到的最大可能效率提供了见解。这个理念对于理解如何改进和优化真实引擎至关重要。“卡诺循环”由四个可逆过程组成：两个等温过程和两个绝热过程。在第一个阶段，工作物质，通常是一种气体，在恒定温度下从高温储存中吸收热量。这个过程称为等温膨胀。在这一阶段，气体膨胀并对周围环境做功，将热能转化为机械能。在第二阶段，气体经历绝热膨胀，在此过程中，它继续对周围环境做功，而不与环境交换热量。随着气体绝热膨胀，其温度降低。这个过程至关重要，因为它展示了能量如何在遵循热力学定律的同时从一种形式转化为另一种形式。“卡诺循环”的第三阶段涉及等温压缩，气体在恒定温度下被压缩，同时向低温储存释放热量。这个过程使气体能够返回到其原始状态，准备重复循环。最后，在第四阶段，气体经历绝热压缩，在此过程中，它在没有热量交换的情况下进一步被压缩，导致其温度升高回到最初的高温。在“卡诺循环”中运行的热机的效率由两个储存的温度决定。效率（η）的公式为η = 1 - (T_c/T_h)，其中T_c是冷储存的绝对温度，T_h是热储存的绝对温度。这个关系强调，随着两个储存之间温差的增加，效率也会提高。然而，它也强调了第二热力学定律所施加的限制，该定律指出，由于实际系统中存在的不可逆性和损失，任何真实的引擎都无法达到“卡诺循环”的效率。理解“卡诺循环”对工程师和科学家来说都是至关重要的，因为它为能源转换技术的进步奠定了基础。通过努力接近“卡诺循环”所描述的理想效率，研究人员可以开发出更好的发动机、制冷系统和其他热设备，使其更加高效和环保。从“卡诺循环”衍生的原则继续影响现代工程实践以及追求可持续能源解决方案的努力。总之，“卡诺循环”是热力学中的一个关键概念，代表了热机所能实现的最高理论效率。它的四个过程展示了热能转化为功的过程，并为理解真实世界引擎的局限性提供了框架。通过研究“卡诺循环”，我们可以获得宝贵的洞察，以改善能效并促进符合我们可持续未来目标的技术创新。