carboxyl group

简明释义

羧基

英英释义

例句

1.The carboxyl group (羧基) can donate a proton, making it a key functional group in acid-base chemistry.

羧基（羧基）可以释放质子，使其成为酸碱化学中的关键官能团。

2.The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxyl group (羧基) produces an ester and water.

醇与羧基（羧基）的反应生成酯和水。

3.The presence of a carboxyl group (羧基) in amino acids makes them acidic.

氨基酸中存在的羧基（羧基）使它们具有酸性。

4.In organic chemistry, a carboxyl group (羧基) is often involved in the formation of esters.

在有机化学中，羧基（羧基）常参与酯的形成。

5.Fatty acids contain a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group (羧基) at one end.

脂肪酸包含一个长的烃链，在一端有一个羧基（羧基）。

作文

The study of organic chemistry reveals a fascinating world filled with various functional groups that define the properties and reactions of organic compounds. One of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry is the carboxyl group, which plays a crucial role in the structure and reactivity of many biomolecules. The carboxyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). This unique structure imparts both acidic and polar characteristics to the molecules containing it, making it an essential component in many biochemical processes.In nature, the carboxyl group is predominantly found in amino acids, fatty acids, and other organic acids. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain both an amine group and a carboxyl group. This dual functionality allows amino acids to act as both acids and bases, which is vital for protein synthesis and function. For instance, during protein folding, the interactions between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another can lead to the formation of peptide bonds, ultimately resulting in the creation of complex protein structures.Additionally, the presence of the carboxyl group in fatty acids contributes to their classification as saturated or unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds. The carboxyl group is essential in determining the physical properties of these fatty acids, such as melting points and solubility. For example, fatty acids with a carboxyl group tend to be more soluble in water compared to those without, due to the polar nature of the carboxyl group.Moreover, the carboxyl group is involved in various metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle, which is fundamental for energy production in living organisms. In this cycle, acetyl-CoA, which contains a carboxyl group, enters the series of reactions that ultimately produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This highlights the significance of the carboxyl group in cellular respiration and energy metabolism.In addition to its biological importance, the carboxyl group is also widely used in industrial applications. Carboxylic acids, which contain the carboxyl group, are utilized in the production of various chemicals, including plastics, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. Their ability to donate protons makes them valuable in chemical reactions, such as esterification, where they react with alcohols to form esters, which are commonly used in fragrances and flavorings.In conclusion, the carboxyl group is a vital functional group in organic chemistry that significantly influences the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Its presence in amino acids and fatty acids underscores its importance in biological systems, while its applications in industry demonstrate its versatility. Understanding the carboxyl group and its implications is essential for anyone studying organic chemistry, biochemistry, or related fields, as it opens up a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of life and the chemical processes that underpin it.

有机化学的研究揭示了一个迷人的世界，充满了各种功能团，这些功能团定义了有机化合物的性质和反应。其中最重要的功能团之一是羧基，它在许多生物分子的结构和反应性中发挥着至关重要的作用。羧基由一个碳原子与一个氧原子双键结合，并与一个羟基（-OH）结合。这种独特的结构赋予了含有它的分子酸性和极性特性，使其成为许多生化过程中的重要组成部分。在自然界中，羧基主要存在于氨基酸、脂肪酸和其他有机酸中。氨基酸是蛋白质的构建块，包含一个胺基和一个羧基。这种双重功能使氨基酸能够同时作为酸和碱，这对于蛋白质的合成和功能至关重要。例如，在蛋白质折叠过程中，一个氨基酸的羧基与另一个的胺基之间的相互作用可以导致肽键的形成，最终导致复杂蛋白质结构的创建。此外，羧基在脂肪酸中的存在有助于它们被分类为饱和或不饱和。饱和脂肪酸的碳原子之间没有双键，而不饱和脂肪酸则包含一个或多个双键。羧基在决定这些脂肪酸的物理性质方面至关重要，例如熔点和溶解度。例如，含有羧基的脂肪酸比不含有的脂肪酸更易溶于水，因为羧基的极性特性。此外，羧基参与了各种代谢途径，包括柠檬酸循环，这是生物体能量生产的基础。在这个循环中，含有羧基的乙酰辅酶A进入一系列反应，最终产生ATP，即细胞的能量货币。这突显了羧基在细胞呼吸和能量代谢中的重要性。除了生物学的重要性外，羧基在工业应用中也被广泛使用。含有羧基的羧酸被用来生产各种化学品，包括塑料、食品添加剂和药物。它们能够捐赠质子，使其在化学反应中具有价值，例如酯化反应，其中它们与醇反应形成酯，酯常用于香料和调味料。总之，羧基是有机化学中一个重要的功能团，显著影响有机化合物的性质和反应性。它在氨基酸和脂肪酸中的存在强调了它在生物系统中的重要性，而它在工业中的应用则展示了它的多样性。理解羧基及其影响对于任何学习有机化学、生物化学或相关领域的人来说都是必不可少的，因为它开启了对生命分子基础和支撑化学过程的更深理解。