carbonyl group

简明释义

羰基

英英释义

例句

1.In organic chemistry, the carbonyl group 羰基 is a key functional group found in aldehydes and ketones.

在有机化学中，carbonyl group 羰基是一个关键的官能团，存在于醛和酮中。

2.When analyzing the structure of fatty acids, we often look for the carbonyl group 羰基 as a sign of unsaturation.

在分析脂肪酸的结构时，我们通常寻找carbonyl group 羰基作为不饱和的标志。

3.The reactivity of compounds containing a carbonyl group 羰基 can be significantly influenced by neighboring groups.

含有carbonyl group 羰基的化合物的反应性可以受到邻近基团的显著影响。

4.The presence of a carbonyl group 羰基 in the molecule indicates that it is likely a ketone.

分子中存在一个carbonyl group 羰基，表明它很可能是一个酮。

5.During the synthesis of aspirin, a carbonyl group 羰基 plays a crucial role in the formation of the ester bond.

在阿司匹林的合成过程中，carbonyl group 羰基在酯键的形成中起着关键作用。

作文

The carbonyl group is a functional group that plays a crucial role in organic chemistry. It consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, represented as C=O. This simple yet significant structure can be found in various types of organic compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. Understanding the carbonyl group is essential for anyone studying organic chemistry, as it influences the reactivity and properties of molecules.One of the most common compounds containing a carbonyl group is formaldehyde, which is an aldehyde. Aldehydes are characterized by having the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain. This positioning gives aldehydes unique properties, such as their ability to undergo oxidation to form carboxylic acids. For example, when ethanol is oxidized, it forms acetaldehyde, which contains a carbonyl group. The transformation from alcohol to aldehyde is a fundamental reaction in organic synthesis.On the other hand, ketones also contain a carbonyl group, but it is located within the carbon chain rather than at the terminal position. Acetone, the simplest ketone, is widely used as a solvent in laboratories and nail polish removers. The presence of the carbonyl group in ketones imparts distinct physical and chemical properties, such as higher boiling points compared to hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight due to dipole-dipole interactions.Moreover, the carbonyl group is pivotal in the formation of larger and more complex molecules through condensation reactions. For instance, when two molecules with carbonyl groups react, they can form a larger molecule while releasing a small molecule like water. This process is fundamental in the synthesis of polymers and various biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids.In addition to their role in organic synthesis, carbonyl groups are also critical in biological systems. They are involved in the structure and function of many biomolecules. For example, sugars contain multiple carbonyl groups, which are vital for energy metabolism in living organisms. The reactivity of the carbonyl group allows for various biochemical reactions, including glycosylation, where a sugar is attached to another molecule, often a protein or lipid.Furthermore, the carbonyl group can participate in nucleophilic addition reactions, where nucleophiles attack the electrophilic carbon atom. This reaction pathway is significant in synthetic organic chemistry, allowing chemists to build complex structures from simpler ones. For instance, the reaction of a carbonyl group with a Grignard reagent leads to the formation of alcohols, showcasing the versatility of this functional group.In conclusion, the carbonyl group is a fundamental component in organic chemistry that contributes to the diversity of chemical reactions and biological processes. Its presence in various compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones, highlights its importance in both synthetic and natural chemistry. A thorough understanding of the carbonyl group is essential for students and professionals in the field, as it opens the door to advanced studies and applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry, and materials science.

羰基是一种在有机化学中起着关键作用的官能团。它由一个与氧原子双键结合的碳原子组成，表示为C=O。这一简单而重要的结构可以在各种有机化合物中找到，包括醛、酮、羧酸和酯。理解羰基对于任何学习有机化学的人来说都是至关重要的，因为它影响分子的反应性和性质。含有羰基的最常见化合物之一是甲醛，它是一种醛。醛的特点是羰基位于碳链的末端。这种位置赋予醛独特的性质，例如它们能够氧化形成羧酸。例如，当乙醇被氧化时，它会形成乙醛，后者含有羰基。醇转化为醛是有机合成中的基本反应。另一方面，酮也含有羰基，但它位于碳链内部，而不是在末端。丙酮是最简单的酮，广泛用作实验室溶剂和指甲油去除剂。羰基在酮中的存在赋予了其独特的物理和化学性质，例如由于偶极-偶极相互作用而导致的沸点高于相似分子量的烃。此外，羰基在通过缩合反应形成更大、更复杂的分子中至关重要。例如，当两个含有羰基的分子反应时，它们可以形成一个更大的分子，同时释放出小分子如水。这一过程在聚合物和各种生物大分子的合成中是基础。除了在有机合成中的作用外，羰基在生物系统中也至关重要。它们参与许多生物分子的结构和功能。例如，糖类含有多个羰基，这对于生物体内的能量代谢至关重要。羰基的反应性允许各种生化反应的发生，包括糖苷化，其中糖附加到另一个分子上，通常是蛋白质或脂质。此外，羰基可以参与亲核加成反应，其中亲核试剂攻击电负性的碳原子。这一反应途径在合成有机化学中是重要的，使化学家能够从更简单的结构构建复杂的结构。例如，羰基与格氏试剂的反应导致醇的形成，展示了这一官能团的多样性。总之，羰基是有机化学中的基本组成部分，对化学反应和生物过程的多样性做出了贡献。它在醛和酮等各种化合物中的存在突显了它在合成和自然化学中的重要性。对羰基的透彻理解对于该领域的学生和专业人士至关重要，因为它为有机合成、生物化学和材料科学的高级研究和应用打开了大门。