atomic orbital

简明释义

原子轨道

英英释义

例句

1.In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital 原子轨道 describes the probability distribution of an electron around the nucleus.

在量子力学中，原子轨道 atomic orbital 描述了电子围绕原子核的概率分布。

2.Electrons occupy the lowest available atomic orbital 原子轨道 first according to the Aufbau principle.

根据 Aufbau 原则，电子首先占据最低可用的 原子轨道 atomic orbital。

3.The shape of an atomic orbital 原子轨道 can be spherical, dumbbell-shaped, or more complex.

一个原子轨道 atomic orbital 的形状可以是球形、哑铃形或更复杂的形状。

4.The atomic orbital 原子轨道 model helps explain the chemical bonding between atoms.

原子轨道 atomic orbital 模型有助于解释原子之间的化学键合。

5.Each atomic orbital 原子轨道 can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.

每个 原子轨道 atomic orbital 最多可以容纳两个自旋相反的电子。

作文

The concept of atomic orbital is fundamental to our understanding of atomic structure and chemistry. An atomic orbital refers to a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. These orbitals are not fixed paths like the orbits of planets around the sun; rather, they are three-dimensional spaces defined by complex mathematical functions derived from quantum mechanics. Understanding atomic orbitals is crucial for grasping how atoms interact with each other to form molecules.In quantum mechanics, electrons are treated as both particles and waves. This dual nature leads to the formulation of atomic orbitals, which describe the wave-like behavior of electrons within an atom. Each atomic orbital has a specific shape and energy level, characterized by quantum numbers. The most common types of atomic orbitals include s, p, d, and f orbitals. The s orbitals are spherical, while p orbitals have a dumbbell shape, and d orbitals are more complex in structure.The arrangement of electrons in these atomic orbitals determines the chemical properties of an element. For example, the valence electrons, which are located in the outermost atomic orbitals, play a significant role in chemical bonding. Elements with similar configurations of valence atomic orbitals tend to exhibit similar chemical behaviors. This is why elements in the same group of the periodic table often have similar properties.Moreover, the concept of atomic orbitals helps explain the formation of chemical bonds. When atoms come together to form molecules, their atomic orbitals can overlap, allowing electrons to be shared or transferred between them. This overlapping of orbitals leads to the formation of covalent bonds, ionic bonds, or metallic bonds, depending on the nature of the atoms involved.As we delve deeper into the study of chemistry, the significance of atomic orbitals becomes even more apparent. For instance, in molecular orbital theory, which expands upon the concept of atomic orbitals, we learn that when atoms bond, their individual atomic orbitals combine to form new molecular orbitals. These molecular orbitals can be occupied by electrons, and their characteristics determine the stability and reactivity of the resulting molecule.In conclusion, the term atomic orbital encapsulates a vital aspect of atomic theory and chemistry. By understanding atomic orbitals, we gain insights into the behavior of electrons, the nature of chemical bonds, and the properties of elements and compounds. This knowledge is not only essential for students and professionals in the field of chemistry but also enriches our overall comprehension of the material world around us. As we continue to explore the intricate details of atomic structure and behavior, the concept of atomic orbitals will undoubtedly remain a cornerstone of scientific inquiry and discovery.

“原子轨道”的概念是我们理解原子结构和化学的基础。原子轨道指的是在原子中找到电子的高概率区域。这些轨道并不像行星围绕太阳运行那样是固定的路径；相反，它们是由量子力学推导出的复杂数学函数定义的三维空间。理解原子轨道对掌握原子如何相互作用以形成分子至关重要。在量子力学中，电子被视为粒子和波的双重性质。这种双重性质导致了原子轨道的形成，描述了电子在原子内的波动行为。每个原子轨道都有特定的形状和能量水平，由量子数表征。最常见的原子轨道类型包括s、p、d和f轨道。s轨道是球形的，而p轨道则呈哑铃状，d轨道的结构更为复杂。这些原子轨道中电子的排列决定了元素的化学性质。例如，位于最外层原子轨道中的价电子在化学键合中起着重要作用。具有相似价原子轨道配置的元素往往表现出相似的化学行为。这就是为什么周期表中同一族的元素通常具有相似性质的原因。此外，原子轨道的概念有助于解释化学键的形成。当原子结合形成分子时，它们的原子轨道可以重叠，从而使电子能够在它们之间共享或转移。这种轨道的重叠导致共价键、离子键或金属键的形成，具体取决于所涉及原子的性质。随着我们深入研究化学，原子轨道的重要性变得更加明显。例如，在分子轨道理论中，扩展了原子轨道的概念，我们了解到当原子结合时，它们的各自原子轨道结合形成新的分子轨道。这些分子轨道可以被电子占据，其特性决定了生成分子的稳定性和反应性。总之，术语原子轨道概括了原子理论和化学的重要方面。通过理解原子轨道，我们获得了对电子行为、化学键性质以及元素和化合物属性的深入见解。这一知识不仅对化学领域的学生和专业人士至关重要，还丰富了我们对周围物质世界的整体理解。随着我们继续探索原子结构和行为的复杂细节，原子轨道的概念无疑将继续成为科学探究和发现的基石。