atomic nucleus

简明释义

原子核

英英释义

例句

1.Scientists study the atomic nucleus to understand the forces that hold it together.

科学家研究原子核以理解将其结合在一起的力量。

2.The atomic nucleus contains protons and neutrons, which are known as nucleons.

原子核包含质子和中子，这些被称为核子。

3.The stability of an atom depends largely on the structure of its atomic nucleus.

一个原子的稳定性在很大程度上取决于其原子核的结构。

4.During nuclear fusion, two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus.

在核聚变过程中，两个原子核结合形成一个更重的核。

5.Radioactive decay occurs when an atomic nucleus is unstable and emits particles.

当原子核不稳定并释放粒子时，就会发生放射性衰变。

作文

The study of the atomic nucleus is a fascinating aspect of modern physics that delves into the very heart of matter. The atomic nucleus, which is the central part of an atom, contains protons and neutrons, collectively known as nucleons. Understanding the structure and behavior of the atomic nucleus is crucial for various scientific fields, including chemistry, nuclear physics, and even medicine.At the core of the atomic nucleus lies the strong nuclear force, which binds protons and neutrons together. This force is incredibly powerful but operates only at very short ranges, typically on the order of femtometers (10^-15 meters). The balance between the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic repulsion between positively charged protons determines the stability of the atomic nucleus. When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to radioactive decay, a process where unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.One of the most significant aspects of the atomic nucleus is its role in nuclear reactions. These reactions can release vast amounts of energy, which is harnessed in nuclear power plants and atomic bombs. In nuclear fission, heavy nuclei such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239 split into lighter nuclei, releasing energy in the process. Conversely, in nuclear fusion, light nuclei such as hydrogen isotopes combine to form heavier nuclei, a process that powers the sun and other stars. The study of these reactions not only helps us understand the universe but also provides practical applications in energy production and medical treatments.Moreover, the atomic nucleus is also a key player in the field of isotopes. Isotopes are variants of elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in neutron count can lead to variations in stability and radioactivity. For instance, carbon-12 is a stable isotope, while carbon-14 is radioactive and is used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of ancient organic materials. The understanding of isotopes and their relationship with the atomic nucleus has profound implications in archaeology, geology, and environmental science.In addition to its scientific significance, the atomic nucleus also raises philosophical questions about the nature of reality. The idea that everything around us is composed of atoms, which in turn consist of a dense atomic nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons, challenges our perceptions of solidity and permanence. It invites us to ponder the fundamental building blocks of the universe and our place within it.In conclusion, the atomic nucleus is a cornerstone of atomic theory and plays a vital role in many scientific disciplines. Its study has led to groundbreaking discoveries and technologies that have transformed our world. From the energy produced in nuclear reactions to the understanding of isotopes and their applications, the atomic nucleus continues to be a subject of intense research and fascination. As we advance our knowledge of the atomic nucleus, we unlock further mysteries of the universe and enhance our ability to harness its power for the benefit of humanity.

对原子核的研究是现代物理学中一个迷人的方面，它深入探讨了物质的核心。原子核是原子的中心部分，包含质子和中子，统称为核子。理解原子核的结构和行为对于化学、核物理甚至医学等多个科学领域至关重要。在原子核的核心是强核力，它将质子和中子结合在一起。这种力量极其强大，但仅在非常短的范围内起作用，通常在飞米（10^-15米）的量级上。强核力与正电荷质子之间的电磁排斥之间的平衡决定了原子核的稳定性。当这种平衡被打破时，可能导致放射性衰变，这一过程使不稳定的核通过发射辐射来释放能量。原子核最重要的方面之一是它在核反应中的作用。这些反应可以释放出巨大的能量，这在核电站和原子弹中得以利用。在核裂变中，重核如铀-235或钚-239分裂成较轻的核，同时释放能量。相反，在核聚变中，轻核如氢同位素结合形成较重的核，这一过程为太阳和其他恒星提供能量。对这些反应的研究不仅帮助我们理解宇宙，还为能源生产和医疗治疗提供了实际应用。此外，原子核还是同位素领域的关键角色。同位素是具有相同质子数但中子数不同的元素变体。中子数的差异可以导致稳定性和放射性的变化。例如，碳-12是稳定同位素，而碳-14是放射性的，被用于放射性碳定年，以确定古代有机材料的年龄。对同位素及其与原子核关系的理解在考古学、地质学和环境科学中具有深远的意义。除了科学意义外，原子核还引发了关于现实本质的哲学问题。周围的一切都是由原子组成的，而原子又由密集的原子核和一团电子构成，这挑战了我们对固体和持久性的看法。它邀请我们思考宇宙的基本构建块以及我们在其中的位置。总之，原子核是原子理论的基石，在许多科学学科中发挥着重要作用。对它的研究带来了突破性的发现和技术，改变了我们的世界。从核反应中产生的能量到对同位素及其应用的理解，原子核仍然是一个受到密切研究和迷人关注的主题。随着我们对原子核知识的不断深入，我们解锁了宇宙的更多奥秘，并增强了利用其力量造福人类的能力。