aryl halide

简明释义

芳基卤

英英释义

例句

1.The reaction of an aryl halide (芳香卤化物) with a Grignard reagent can produce useful intermediates.

一个aryl halide (芳香卤化物)与格里尼亚试剂的反应可以产生有用的中间体。

2.Many pharmaceuticals contain aryl halides (芳香卤化物) as part of their molecular structure.

许多药物的分子结构中包含aryl halides (芳香卤化物)。

3.The synthesis of the compound involved an aryl halide (芳香卤化物) as a key starting material.

该化合物的合成涉及一个aryl halide (芳香卤化物)作为关键的起始材料。

4.In organic chemistry, aryl halides (芳香卤化物) are often used in nucleophilic substitution reactions.

在有机化学中，aryl halides (芳香卤化物)通常用于亲核取代反应。

5.When working with aryl halides (芳香卤化物), it is important to consider their reactivity.

在处理aryl halides (芳香卤化物)时，考虑它们的反应性是很重要的。

作文

In the realm of organic chemistry, the term aryl halide refers to a class of compounds that are characterized by the presence of a halogen atom bonded to an aromatic ring. Aromatic compounds, known for their stability and unique properties, form the backbone of many chemical reactions and processes. The significance of aryl halides lies in their versatility and application across various fields, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Understanding the structure and reactivity of aryl halides is crucial for chemists as they design new compounds and explore innovative reactions.The basic structure of an aryl halide consists of a benzene ring or another aromatic system with one or more halogen substituents such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The halogen atom is typically more electronegative than carbon, leading to polarized bonds that can influence the reactivity of the compound. This polarization results in unique chemical behavior, allowing aryl halides to participate in various nucleophilic substitution reactions, making them valuable intermediates in organic synthesis.One of the most notable reactions involving aryl halides is the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS). Unlike typical nucleophilic substitution reactions that occur on aliphatic compounds, NAS requires specific conditions and often involves electron-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring to facilitate the reaction. This complexity highlights the importance of understanding the electronic effects and steric factors at play in aryl halides.The applications of aryl halides are extensive. In the pharmaceutical industry, many drugs feature aryl halides as key structural components due to their ability to enhance biological activity and improve pharmacokinetic properties. For instance, certain anti-cancer agents and antibiotics utilize aryl halides to interact effectively with biological targets, showcasing their significance in drug design.Moreover, aryl halides are also prevalent in the manufacture of agrochemicals. They serve as precursors for herbicides and pesticides, contributing to agricultural productivity and pest management. The ability to modify the halogen substituent allows chemists to tailor the properties of these compounds, leading to more effective and environmentally friendly solutions.In materials science, aryl halides play a pivotal role in the development of polymers and other advanced materials. Their ability to undergo cross-linking reactions enables the formation of robust networks that exhibit desirable mechanical and thermal properties. This characteristic is particularly important in the production of high-performance materials used in various industrial applications.In conclusion, the term aryl halide encompasses a diverse group of compounds that hold significant importance in the field of organic chemistry. Their unique structural features and reactivity patterns make them indispensable in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. As research continues to evolve, the understanding and application of aryl halides will undoubtedly expand, paving the way for new discoveries and innovations in chemistry and related disciplines.

在有机化学领域，术语芳香卤化物指的是一类以卤素原子与芳香环相连为特征的化合物。芳香化合物因其稳定性和独特性质而闻名，构成了许多化学反应和过程的基础。芳香卤化物的重要性在于它们的多功能性和在制药、农业化学和材料科学等各个领域的应用。理解芳香卤化物的结构和反应性对化学家设计新化合物和探索创新反应至关重要。芳香卤化物的基本结构由苯环或其他芳香体系组成，具有一个或多个卤素取代基，如氟、氯、溴或碘。卤素原子通常比碳更具电负性，导致极化键的形成，这会影响化合物的反应性。这种极化导致了独特的化学行为，使得芳香卤化物能够参与各种亲核取代反应，从而成为有机合成中的宝贵中间体。涉及芳香卤化物的最显著反应之一是亲核芳香取代反应（NAS）。与发生在脂肪族化合物上的典型亲核取代反应不同，NAS需要特定条件，并且通常涉及在芳香环上具有电子吸引基团以促进反应。这种复杂性突显了理解芳香卤化物中电子效应和立体因素的重要性。芳香卤化物的应用广泛。在制药行业，许多药物将芳香卤化物作为关键结构组成部分，因为它们能够增强生物活性并改善药代动力学特性。例如，某些抗癌药物和抗生素利用芳香卤化物有效地与生物靶点相互作用，展示了它们在药物设计中的重要性。此外，芳香卤化物在农业化学品的制造中也很常见。它们作为除草剂和杀虫剂的前体，有助于农业生产力和害虫管理。改变卤素取代基的能力使化学家能够量身定制这些化合物的性质，从而导致更有效和环保的解决方案。在材料科学中，芳香卤化物在高分子和其他先进材料的开发中发挥着关键作用。它们能够进行交联反应，使得形成坚固的网络，展现出理想的机械和热性能。这一特性在生产用于各种工业应用的高性能材料中尤为重要。总之，术语芳香卤化物涵盖了一类在有机化学领域具有重要意义的多样化化合物。它们独特的结构特征和反应模式使其在制药、农业化学和先进材料的合成中不可或缺。随着研究的不断发展，对芳香卤化物的理解和应用无疑将扩展，为化学及相关学科的新发现和创新铺平道路。