adiabatic lapse rate

简明释义

绝热递减率

英英释义

例句

1.When an air parcel rises, it cools at the adiabatic lapse rate, which is approximately 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer.

当空气团上升时，它以大约每公里6.5摄氏度的速度按绝热递减率降温。

2.The adiabatic lapse rate is crucial for climbers who need to be aware of temperature drops as they ascend.

对于需要注意上升时温度下降的登山者来说，绝热递减率至关重要。

3.Understanding the adiabatic lapse rate helps pilots anticipate changes in aircraft performance at different altitudes.

理解绝热递减率有助于飞行员预测不同高度下飞机性能的变化。

4.The concept of adiabatic lapse rate is essential for understanding how temperature changes with altitude in the atmosphere.

理解温度如何随着高度变化的概念对于理解绝热递减率是至关重要的。

5.Meteorologists use the adiabatic lapse rate to predict weather patterns and storm developments.

气象学家使用绝热递减率来预测天气模式和风暴发展。

作文

The atmosphere is a complex system that plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate and weather patterns. One of the key concepts in understanding atmospheric processes is the adiabatic lapse rate, which refers to the rate at which air temperature decreases with an increase in altitude in the absence of heat exchange with the surrounding environment. This phenomenon occurs because as air rises, it expands due to lower pressure at higher altitudes, leading to a decrease in temperature. To delve deeper into this concept, we must first understand the two types of adiabatic lapse rate: the dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) and the moist adiabatic lapse rate (MALR). The DALR applies to unsaturated air and is approximately 9.8 degrees Celsius per kilometer. In contrast, the MALR is about 6 degrees Celsius per kilometer and applies to saturated air, which contains water vapor. The difference in these rates is primarily due to the release of latent heat during condensation when water vapor turns into liquid, which warms the rising air.The implications of the adiabatic lapse rate are significant for meteorology and climatology. For instance, when a parcel of air rises and cools at the DALR, it may eventually reach a point where it becomes saturated, leading to cloud formation and precipitation. Understanding this process is essential for predicting weather patterns and phenomena such as thunderstorms, hurricanes, and other severe weather events.Moreover, the adiabatic lapse rate also plays a critical role in determining the stability of the atmosphere. If the environmental lapse rate, which is the actual rate of temperature decrease with altitude in the atmosphere, is greater than the DALR, the atmosphere is considered unstable. This instability can lead to vertical air movement, resulting in convection currents, which are vital for weather development. Conversely, if the environmental lapse rate is less than the MALR, the atmosphere is stable, inhibiting vertical motion and leading to clear skies.In addition to its relevance in weather prediction, the adiabatic lapse rate is also significant in various fields such as aviation, environmental science, and even mountaineering. Pilots need to understand how temperature changes with altitude to ensure safe flying conditions. Similarly, environmental scientists study the adiabatic lapse rate to assess how climate change may impact local weather patterns and ecosystems. For mountaineers, knowing how temperature drops with altitude can be crucial for preparing for the challenges posed by high-altitude environments.In conclusion, the adiabatic lapse rate is a fundamental concept in atmospheric science that helps explain how temperature varies with altitude. Its understanding is essential for meteorologists, pilots, environmental scientists, and outdoor enthusiasts alike. By grasping the principles behind the adiabatic lapse rate, we can better appreciate the complexities of our atmosphere and the myriad ways it influences our daily lives and the natural world around us.

大气是一个复杂的系统，在调节地球气候和天气模式中起着至关重要的作用。理解大气过程的关键概念之一是绝热递减率，它指的是在没有与周围环境进行热交换的情况下，空气温度随高度增加而降低的速率。这个现象发生在空气上升时，由于高海拔处压力较低，空气膨胀，导致温度下降。为了更深入地理解这一概念，我们必须首先了解两种类型的绝热递减率：干绝热递减率（DALR）和湿绝热递减率（MALR）。DALR适用于未饱和空气，其值约为每千米9.8摄氏度。相反，MALR约为每千米6摄氏度，适用于含有水蒸气的饱和空气。这两者之间的差异主要是由于在冷凝过程中水蒸气转变为液体时释放的潜热，这使得上升的空气变暖。绝热递减率的影响对气象学和气候学具有重要意义。例如，当一团空气上升并以DALR降温时，它可能最终达到一个点，变得饱和，从而导致云的形成和降水。理解这一过程对于预测天气模式以及雷暴、飓风和其他严重天气事件至关重要。此外，绝热递减率在确定大气稳定性方面也起着关键作用。如果环境递减率，即大气中温度随着高度变化的实际速率，大于DALR，则大气被认为是不稳定的。这种不稳定性可以导致垂直空气运动，产生对天气发展的重要对流气流。相反，如果环境递减率小于MALR，则大气是稳定的，抑制垂直运动，导致晴朗的天空。除了在天气预测中的相关性外，绝热递减率在航空、环境科学甚至登山等多个领域也具有重要意义。飞行员需要了解温度如何随高度变化，以确保安全的飞行条件。同样，环境科学家研究绝热递减率以评估气候变化可能对当地天气模式和生态系统造成的影响。对于登山者来说，了解温度在高度上如何下降，对于准备应对高海拔环境所带来的挑战至关重要。总之，绝热递减率是大气科学中的一个基本概念，有助于解释温度是如何随高度变化的。理解这一点对于气象学家、飞行员、环境科学家和户外爱好者都至关重要。通过掌握绝热递减率背后的原理，我们可以更好地欣赏我们大气的复杂性以及它如何影响我们的日常生活和周围自然世界的各种方式。