work function

简明释义

功函数

英英释义

例句

1.The work function (功函数) of a metal determines its ability to emit electrons when exposed to light.

金属的功函数（功函数）决定了其在光照下发射电子的能力。

2.In semiconductor physics, understanding the work function (功函数) is crucial for designing effective electronic devices.

在半导体物理中，理解功函数（功函数）对设计有效的电子设备至关重要。

3.A lower work function (功函数) means that a material can emit electrons more easily.

较低的功函数（功函数）意味着材料更容易发射电子。

4.When measuring the work function (功函数), scientists often use ultraviolet light to excite the electrons.

在测量功函数（功函数）时，科学家们通常使用紫外光来激发电子。

5.The photoelectric effect demonstrates that the energy of incoming photons must exceed the material's work function (功函数) to release electrons.

光电效应表明，入射光子的能量必须超过材料的功函数（功函数）才能释放电子。

作文

The concept of work function is fundamental in the field of physics, particularly in the study of materials and their electronic properties. The work function refers to the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a solid material into a vacuum. This energy barrier is crucial for understanding various phenomena, such as photoelectric effect and thermionic emission. When light hits a material, if the photon energy exceeds the work function, it can eject electrons from the material's surface. This principle is not only significant in physics but also has practical applications in technology, such as in the design of photovoltaic cells and photo detectors.In metals, the work function can vary depending on the type of metal and its surface conditions. For instance, clean metals typically have lower work functions compared to those that are oxidized or contaminated. This variation affects how easily electrons can be emitted from the metal, influencing the efficiency of devices like electron guns and vacuum tubes. Understanding the work function helps engineers and scientists develop better materials for electronic applications.Moreover, the work function is not just limited to metals; semiconductors and insulators also possess their own work functions. In semiconductors, the work function plays a vital role in determining the behavior of charge carriers, which are essential for the operation of devices like diodes and transistors. By manipulating the work function through doping or surface treatments, researchers can enhance the performance of semiconductor devices significantly.In the context of nanotechnology, the work function becomes even more critical. As materials are reduced to nanoscale dimensions, their electronic properties can change dramatically. The work function of nanoparticles may differ from that of their bulk counterparts due to increased surface area and quantum effects. This understanding allows scientists to tailor the electronic properties of nanomaterials for specific applications, such as in sensors and catalysts.In conclusion, the work function is a key concept that bridges the gap between theoretical physics and practical engineering. Its implications stretch across various fields, from the fundamental understanding of electron behavior in materials to the innovative designs of modern electronic devices. As research continues to explore new materials and technologies, the significance of the work function will undoubtedly grow, paving the way for advancements in multiple scientific disciplines. It is essential for students and professionals alike to grasp this concept to fully appreciate the complexities of material science and its applications in real-world scenarios.

“功函数”这一概念在物理学领域中至关重要，特别是在材料及其电子特性研究方面。“功函数”指的是将电子从固体材料的表面移除到真空所需的最小能量。这个能量障碍对于理解各种现象至关重要，例如光电效应和热离子发射。当光照射到材料上时，如果光子的能量超过“功函数”，它就可以将电子从材料的表面弹出。这个原理不仅在物理学中具有重要意义，而且在技术应用中也有实际用途，例如在光伏电池和光探测器的设计中。在金属中，“功函数”可能会因金属类型及其表面条件而异。例如，干净的金属通常具有较低的“功函数”，而氧化或污染的金属则相对较高。这种变化影响电子从金属中发射的难易程度，从而影响电子枪和真空管等设备的效率。理解“功函数”有助于工程师和科学家开发更好的电子应用材料。此外，“功函数”并不仅限于金属；半导体和绝缘体也具有自己的“功函数”。在半导体中，“功函数”在决定载流子行为方面起着至关重要的作用，这对二极管和晶体管等设备的操作至关重要。通过掺杂或表面处理来操控“功函数”，研究人员可以显著提高半导体设备的性能。在纳米技术的背景下，“功函数”变得更加关键。当材料被缩小到纳米尺度时，它们的电子特性可能会发生剧烈变化。纳米颗粒的“功函数”可能与其大块对应物不同，这是由于表面积增大和量子效应造成的。这种理解使科学家能够为特定应用（如传感器和催化剂）定制纳米材料的电子特性。总之，“功函数”是一个关键概念，它架起了理论物理与实际工程之间的桥梁。它的影响跨越多个领域，从对材料中电子行为的基本理解到现代电子设备的创新设计。随着研究继续探索新材料和技术，“功函数”的重要性无疑会增加，为多个科学学科的进步铺平道路。学生和专业人士都必须掌握这一概念，以充分理解材料科学的复杂性及其在现实世界中的应用。