thermal cross section

简明释义

热中子截面

英英释义

例句

1.For accurate simulations, the thermal cross section 热截面 must be included in the computational models.

为了准确的模拟，计算模型中必须包含thermal cross section 热截面。

2.Researchers measured the thermal cross section 热截面 to determine the neutron absorption properties of various materials.

研究人员测量了thermal cross section 热截面 以确定各种材料的中子吸收特性。

3.The thermal cross section 热截面 of hydrogen is significantly larger than that of many other elements.

氢的thermal cross section 热截面 显著大于许多其他元素。

4.The thermal cross section 热截面 of a material is crucial for understanding its behavior in nuclear reactors.

材料的thermal cross section 热截面 对于理解其在核反应堆中的行为至关重要。

5.In radiation shielding, knowing the thermal cross section 热截面 helps engineers design effective barriers.

在辐射屏蔽中，了解thermal cross section 热截面 可以帮助工程师设计有效的屏障。

作文

Understanding the concept of thermal cross section is crucial in the field of nuclear physics and engineering. The term refers to a measure of the probability of a specific interaction between a particle and a target nucleus at thermal energies. In simpler terms, it quantifies how likely it is for a neutron or other particle to collide with a nucleus and cause a reaction, such as scattering or absorption. This concept is particularly important when discussing nuclear reactors, radiation shielding, and other applications involving neutron interactions.In nuclear reactions, particles like neutrons can interact with various materials, and the effectiveness of these interactions depends significantly on the energy of the particles involved. Thermal cross section specifically pertains to interactions that occur at low energies, typically around room temperature. At these energies, the behavior of particles is dominated by quantum mechanical effects, making the understanding of thermal cross section essential for accurate predictions and calculations in nuclear processes.One of the most common uses of thermal cross section is in the design of nuclear reactors. Reactor engineers must carefully select materials that will efficiently absorb or scatter neutrons to maintain a controlled nuclear reaction. For example, materials with high thermal cross section values are often chosen as fuel or moderator materials because they enhance the likelihood of neutron interactions that sustain the fission process. Conversely, materials with low thermal cross section values may be used for shielding purposes to protect sensitive equipment and personnel from unwanted radiation.Moreover, the thermal cross section is not a fixed value; it can vary based on several factors, including the type of nucleus, the energy of the incoming particle, and the temperature of the environment. This variability means that researchers and engineers must conduct extensive experiments to determine the thermal cross section for different materials and conditions. Such data is crucial for simulations and models that predict the behavior of nuclear systems under various operational scenarios.In addition to its applications in nuclear engineering, the concept of thermal cross section also finds relevance in fields such as astrophysics and medical physics. For instance, in astrophysics, understanding the interactions of neutrons with stellar materials can provide insights into the processes occurring within stars. In medical physics, knowledge of thermal cross section helps in the development of radiation therapies where precise targeting of cancer cells is necessary while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.In conclusion, the thermal cross section is a fundamental concept that plays a vital role in various scientific and engineering disciplines. By measuring the likelihood of interactions between particles and nuclei at thermal energies, it provides essential information for designing nuclear reactors, conducting research in astrophysics, and developing advanced medical treatments. As technology advances and our understanding of nuclear interactions deepens, the significance of thermal cross section will only continue to grow, highlighting the importance of this concept in both theoretical and practical applications.

理解热截面的概念在核物理和工程领域中至关重要。这个术语是指在热能量下，粒子与目标核之间特定相互作用的概率的度量。简单来说，它量化了中子或其他粒子与核发生碰撞并导致反应（如散射或吸收）的可能性。这个概念在讨论核反应堆、辐射屏蔽以及其他涉及中子相互作用的应用时尤为重要。在核反应中，中子等粒子可以与各种材料相互作用，而这些相互作用的有效性在很大程度上取决于参与粒子的能量。热截面特别涉及在低能量下发生的相互作用，通常在室温附近。在这些能量下，粒子的行为受到量子力学效应的主导，因此理解热截面对于准确预测和计算核过程至关重要。热截面最常见的用途之一是在核反应堆的设计中。反应堆工程师必须仔细选择能够有效吸收或散射中子的材料，以维持受控的核反应。例如，具有高热截面值的材料通常被选为燃料或调节剂，因为它们增强了中子与核发生相互作用以维持裂变过程的可能性。相反，具有低热截面值的材料可用于屏蔽目的，以保护敏感设备和人员免受不必要的辐射。此外，热截面并不是一个固定值；它可以根据多种因素而变化，包括核的类型、入射粒子的能量和环境的温度。这种变化意味着研究人员和工程师必须进行广泛的实验，以确定不同材料和条件下的热截面。这些数据对于预测各种操作场景下核系统行为的模拟和模型至关重要。除了在核工程中的应用外，热截面的概念在天体物理学和医学物理学等领域也具有相关性。例如，在天体物理学中，了解中子与恒星材料的相互作用可以提供对恒星内部过程的洞察。在医学物理学中，了解热截面有助于开发辐射疗法，其中需要精确靶向癌细胞，同时尽量减少对周围健康组织的损害。总之，热截面是一个基本概念，在各个科学和工程学科中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过测量粒子与核在热能量下相互作用的可能性，它为设计核反应堆、进行天体物理研究以及开发先进的医疗治疗提供了必要的信息。随着技术的进步和我们对核相互作用的理解加深，热截面的重要性只会继续增长，突显出这一概念在理论和实际应用中的重要性。