reactivity margin

简明释义

过剩反应性

英英释义

例句

1.Before starting the reactor, the team calculated the reactivity margin to confirm it was within safe limits.

在启动反应堆之前，团队计算了反应性裕度以确认其在安全范围内。

2.Engineers must constantly monitor the reactivity margin during operations to ensure safe levels of nuclear fission.

工程师必须在操作过程中不断监测反应性裕度，以确保核裂变的安全水平。

3.Adjusting control rods can significantly affect the reactivity margin of the reactor.

调整控制棒会显著影响反应堆的反应性裕度。

4.The nuclear reactor's safety is largely determined by its reactivity margin, which indicates how close it is to going critical.

核反应堆的安全性在很大程度上取决于其反应性裕度，这表明它离临界状态有多近。

5.A high reactivity margin implies a stable reactor environment, reducing the risk of an uncontrolled reaction.

高反应性裕度意味着反应堆环境稳定，降低了失控反应的风险。

作文

In the field of nuclear engineering, the concept of reactivity margin plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactors. The term refers to the difference between the actual reactivity of a nuclear reactor and the reactivity at which the reactor would become critical, meaning it would sustain a chain reaction. A positive reactivity margin indicates that the reactor is subcritical, while a negative margin suggests that the reactor is supercritical. Understanding this concept is essential for reactor operators and engineers because it directly impacts the control and stability of the nuclear fission process.To elaborate, reactivity itself is a measure of the ability of a reactor to sustain a nuclear chain reaction. It is influenced by various factors, including the composition of the fuel, the presence of neutron-absorbing materials, and the configuration of the reactor core. The reactivity margin serves as a safety buffer, allowing operators to assess how far the reactor is from reaching a critical state. This margin is particularly important during operational changes, such as refueling or adjusting control rods, which can significantly alter the reactivity of the system.A well-maintained reactivity margin ensures that the reactor operates within safe limits. If the margin is too small, there is a risk that the reactor could inadvertently become critical, leading to potential safety hazards. Conversely, having a sufficiently large margin allows for flexibility in operations and enhances the overall reliability of the reactor. This is why continuous monitoring and management of the reactivity margin are integral to reactor safety protocols.In practical terms, the reactivity margin is calculated using various mathematical models and simulations that take into account the specific design and operational parameters of the reactor. Engineers utilize advanced software tools to predict how changes in the reactor's environment will affect its reactivity. By maintaining an adequate reactivity margin, they can ensure that they have enough time to respond to any unexpected changes in reactor behavior.Moreover, regulatory bodies impose strict guidelines on the acceptable reactivity margin for different types of reactors. These regulations are designed to protect not only the personnel working at the facility but also the surrounding communities and the environment. Adhering to these standards requires diligent training and education for reactor operators, who must understand the implications of the reactivity margin in their daily operations.In conclusion, the reactivity margin is a fundamental aspect of nuclear reactor safety and operation. It provides a critical measure of how close a reactor is to becoming critical and helps in maintaining the delicate balance required for safe nuclear fission. As technology advances and we explore new reactor designs, understanding and managing the reactivity margin will remain a key focus for engineers and operators alike. The importance of this concept cannot be overstated, as it is central to preventing accidents and ensuring the continued safe use of nuclear energy in our society.

在核工程领域，反应性裕度的概念在确保核反应堆的安全性和效率方面发挥着至关重要的作用。该术语指的是核反应堆的实际反应性与反应堆达到临界状态（即能够维持链式反应）时的反应性之间的差异。正的反应性裕度表示反应堆处于亚临界状态，而负的裕度则表明反应堆处于超临界状态。理解这个概念对于反应堆操作员和工程师至关重要，因为它直接影响到核裂变过程的控制和稳定性。进一步说，反应性本身是衡量反应堆维持核链式反应能力的指标。它受到多种因素的影响，包括燃料的组成、中子吸收材料的存在以及反应堆核心的配置。反应性裕度作为安全缓冲区，使操作员能够评估反应堆距离达到临界状态的远近。这个裕度在操作变化期间尤其重要，例如在加燃料或调整控制棒时，这些变化可能会显著改变系统的反应性。良好的反应性裕度确保反应堆在安全限度内运行。如果裕度过小，则存在反应堆意外变为临界状态的风险，从而导致潜在的安全隐患。相反，拥有足够大的裕度则允许操作灵活性，并增强反应堆的整体可靠性。这就是为什么持续监测和管理反应性裕度是反应堆安全协议中不可或缺的一部分。在实际操作中，反应性裕度是通过各种数学模型和模拟来计算的，这些模型和模拟考虑了反应堆的具体设计和操作参数。工程师利用先进的软件工具预测反应堆环境变化将如何影响其反应性。通过保持适当的反应性裕度，他们可以确保有足够的时间应对反应堆行为的任何意外变化。此外，监管机构对不同类型反应堆的可接受反应性裕度施加严格的指导方针。这些规定旨在保护不仅是设施内的工作人员，还有周边社区和环境。遵循这些标准需要对反应堆操作员进行严格的培训和教育，他们必须理解反应性裕度在日常操作中的影响。总之，反应性裕度是核反应堆安全和操作的基本方面。它提供了反应堆距离临界状态的关键衡量标准，并有助于维持安全核裂变所需的微妙平衡。随着技术的进步，我们探索新的反应堆设计，理解和管理反应性裕度将继续是工程师和操作员的重点关注。这个概念的重要性不言而喻，因为它是防止事故和确保核能在我们社会中安全使用的核心。