particle bombardment

简明释义

粒子轰击

英英释义

例句

1.In nanotechnology, particle bombardment is applied to modify material properties.

在纳米技术中，粒子轰击被用于修改材料特性。

2.The researchers used particle bombardment to introduce new genes into the plant cells.

研究人员使用粒子轰击将新基因引入植物细胞。

3.Scientists observed that particle bombardment could enhance the uptake of DNA by the cells.

科学家观察到，粒子轰击可以增强细胞对DNA的摄取。

4.The technique of particle bombardment is often used in genetic engineering.

粒子轰击技术常用于基因工程。

5.During the experiment, particle bombardment caused significant changes in the cell structure.

在实验过程中，粒子轰击导致细胞结构发生显著变化。

作文

In the realm of scientific research, particularly in physics and materials science, the term particle bombardment refers to the process of directing a stream of particles at a target material. This technique is crucial for various applications, including the modification of material properties, the synthesis of new materials, and the study of fundamental physical phenomena. Understanding particle bombardment can significantly enhance our grasp of how materials behave under different conditions and how we can manipulate them for technological advancements.The concept of particle bombardment is rooted in the principles of particle physics. When particles, such as ions or atoms, collide with a target material, they can impart energy that leads to various interactions. These interactions can result in displacement of atoms within the target, changes in electronic structures, or even the creation of defects that can alter the material's properties. For instance, in semiconductor manufacturing, particle bombardment is used to dope silicon wafers with impurities, thereby modifying their electrical characteristics to create p-n junctions essential for diodes and transistors.Moreover, particle bombardment plays a significant role in nuclear physics and radiation therapy. In nuclear reactors, neutrons are bombarded onto fuel materials to sustain a chain reaction. Similarly, in medical applications, high-energy particles are directed towards cancerous tissues to destroy them while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy cells. This targeted approach exemplifies the practical benefits of harnessing particle bombardment in both energy production and healthcare.The study of particle bombardment also extends to materials science, where researchers investigate how different materials respond to bombardment by various types of particles. For example, metals may exhibit changes in hardness or brittleness after exposure to high-energy ions. Such studies are essential for developing materials that can withstand extreme environments, such as those found in space exploration or nuclear reactors.Additionally, advancements in technology have led to the development of sophisticated techniques for controlling particle bombardment. Techniques such as ion implantation allow for precise control over the depth and concentration of dopants introduced into a material. This level of control is crucial for the fabrication of advanced electronic devices, where even slight variations in material properties can lead to significant differences in performance.In conclusion, particle bombardment is a fundamental concept in various scientific disciplines that has profound implications for technology and industry. By understanding how particles interact with materials, scientists and engineers can develop innovative solutions to complex challenges. From improving the efficiency of electronic devices to enhancing cancer treatment methods, the applications of particle bombardment are vast and continually evolving. As research progresses, we can expect to see even more groundbreaking developments arising from this fascinating area of study.

在科学研究的领域，特别是在物理学和材料科学中，术语粒子轰击指的是将一束粒子定向射向目标材料的过程。这种技术对于各种应用至关重要，包括材料性能的修改、新材料的合成以及基本物理现象的研究。理解粒子轰击可以显著增强我们对材料在不同条件下行为的把握，以及我们如何操控它们以实现技术进步。粒子轰击的概念根植于粒子物理学的原理。当粒子（例如离子或原子）与目标材料碰撞时，它们可以传递能量，从而导致各种相互作用。这些相互作用可能导致目标内原子的位移、电子结构的变化，甚至产生缺陷，这些缺陷可以改变材料的性质。例如，在半导体制造中，粒子轰击用于向硅晶圆掺杂杂质，从而修改其电特性，以创建二极管和晶体管所需的p-n结。此外，粒子轰击在核物理和放射治疗中也发挥着重要作用。在核反应堆中，中子轰击燃料材料以维持链式反应。同样，在医疗应用中，高能粒子被定向射向癌变组织，以摧毁它们，同时尽量减少对周围健康细胞的损伤。这种靶向方法体现了利用粒子轰击在能源生产和医疗保健中的实际好处。粒子轰击的研究还扩展到材料科学，研究人员调查不同材料在各种粒子轰击下的响应。例如，金属在暴露于高能离子后可能表现出硬度或脆性的变化。这类研究对于开发能够承受极端环境的材料至关重要，例如在太空探索或核反应堆中发现的环境。此外，技术的进步导致了控制粒子轰击的复杂技术的发展。离子注入等技术允许对材料中引入掺杂剂的深度和浓度进行精确控制。这种控制水平对于先进电子设备的制造至关重要，因为即使是材料性能的微小变化也会导致性能的显著差异。总之，粒子轰击是多个科学学科中的基本概念，对技术和工业有深远的影响。通过理解粒子如何与材料相互作用，科学家和工程师可以开发出应对复杂挑战的创新解决方案。从提高电子设备的效率到增强癌症治疗方法，粒子轰击的应用广泛且不断发展。随着研究的进展，我们可以期待看到更多突破性的进展出现在这一迷人的研究领域。