nucleic acid

简明释义

核酸

英英释义

例句

1.In genetic engineering, scientists often manipulate nucleic acid to introduce new traits into organisms.

在基因工程中，科学家常常操纵核酸以将新特性引入生物体中。

2.Researchers are studying how nucleic acid sequences can affect protein synthesis.

研究人员正在研究核酸序列如何影响蛋白质合成。

3.The genetic information in all living organisms is stored in the form of nucleic acid.

所有生物的遗传信息以核酸的形式存储。

4.The study of nucleic acid interactions is crucial for understanding cellular processes.

研究核酸相互作用对于理解细胞过程至关重要。

5.PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, is a technique used to amplify specific segments of nucleic acid.

PCR，即聚合酶链反应，是一种用于扩增特定核酸片段的技术。

作文

Nucleic acids are fundamental biomolecules that play a crucial role in the storage and transmission of genetic information. They are composed of long chains of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of these molecules. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Each type has its unique structure and function, making them essential for life as we know it. 核酸是构成生命的基础生物分子，负责存储和传递遗传信息。核酸的基本单元是核苷酸，它们以长链的形式连接在一起。核酸的两种主要类型是脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA）。这两种类型具有各自独特的结构和功能，使它们对生命至关重要。The structure of DNA is often described as a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made up of sugar and phosphate groups, while the rungs consist of paired nitrogenous bases. These bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The specific pairing between these bases—adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine—ensures accurate replication and transcription of genetic information. In contrast, RNA is typically single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine. This structural difference allows RNA to perform various functions in the cell, including acting as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis machinery. 核酸的结构通常被描述为双螺旋，类似于扭曲的梯子。梯子的两侧由糖和磷酸基团组成，而梯子的横档则由配对的氮碱基构成。这些碱基分别是腺嘌呤（A）、胸腺嘧啶（T）、胞嘧啶（C）和鸟嘌呤（G）。这些碱基之间的特定配对——腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶配对，胞嘧啶与鸟嘌呤配对——确保了遗传信息的准确复制和转录。相比之下，RNA通常是单链的，并且含有尿嘧啶（U）而非胸腺嘧啶。这种结构差异使得RNA能够在细胞中执行多种功能，包括作为DNA和蛋白质合成机制之间的信使。The importance of nucleic acids extends beyond just genetics. They are also involved in various biological processes such as metabolism, cell signaling, and regulation of gene expression. For instance, certain types of RNA, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), carry instructions from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. Other forms of RNA, like transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), play critical roles in the translation process, ensuring that the correct amino acids are assembled into proteins. This intricate relationship between 核酸 and protein synthesis is vital for cellular function and organismal development.In recent years, advances in biotechnology have highlighted the significance of nucleic acids in medical research and therapeutic applications. Techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing utilize the properties of 核酸 to modify genetic sequences, offering potential treatments for genetic disorders and diseases. Additionally, the development of mRNA vaccines, exemplified by those used during the COVID-19 pandemic, showcases how nucleic acids can be harnessed to elicit immune responses and protect against infectious diseases.In conclusion, nucleic acids are indispensable components of all living organisms. Their ability to store, transmit, and express genetic information underpins the very essence of life. Understanding the structure and function of 核酸 not only enhances our knowledge of biology but also opens doors to innovative solutions in medicine and biotechnology. As research continues to evolve, the potential applications of nucleic acids will undoubtedly expand, further demonstrating their importance in science and health.

核酸是基本的生物分子，在遗传信息的存储和传递中起着至关重要的作用。它们由长链的核苷酸组成，这些核苷酸是这些分子的基本构建块。核酸的两种主要类型是脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA）。每种类型都有其独特的结构和功能，使它们对生命至关重要。核酸是构成生命的基础生物分子，负责存储和传递遗传信息。核酸的基本单元是核苷酸，它们以长链的形式连接在一起。核酸的两种主要类型是脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA）。这两种类型具有各自独特的结构和功能，使它们对生命至关重要。DNA的结构通常被描述为双螺旋，类似于扭曲的梯子。梯子的两侧由糖和磷酸基团组成，而梯子的横档则由配对的氮碱基构成。这些碱基分别是腺嘌呤（A）、胸腺嘧啶（T）、胞嘧啶（C）和鸟嘌呤（G）。这些碱基之间的特定配对——腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶配对，胞嘧啶与鸟嘌呤配对——确保了遗传信息的准确复制和转录。相比之下，RNA通常是单链的，并且含有尿嘧啶（U）而非胸腺嘧啶。这种结构差异使得RNA能够在细胞中执行多种功能，包括作为DNA和蛋白质合成机制之间的信使。核酸的重要性不仅仅限于遗传学。它们还参与各种生物过程，如代谢、细胞信号传导和基因表达调控。例如，某些类型的RNA，称为信使RNA（mRNA），将DNA中的指令传递到核糖体，在那里合成蛋白质。其他形式的RNA，如转运RNA（tRNA）和核糖体RNA（rRNA），在翻译过程中发挥关键作用，确保正确的氨基酸组装成蛋白质。核酸与蛋白质合成之间这种复杂的关系对于细胞功能和生物体发育至关重要。近年来，生物技术的进步突显了核酸在医学研究和治疗应用中的重要性。CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑等技术利用核酸的特性来修改遗传序列，为遗传疾病和疾病提供潜在治疗。此外，mRNA疫苗的开发，尤其是在COVID-19大流行期间使用的疫苗，展示了如何利用核酸引发免疫反应并保护人类免受传染病的侵害。总之，核酸是所有生物体不可或缺的组成部分。它们存储、传递和表达遗传信息的能力支撑着生命的本质。理解核酸的结构和功能不仅增强了我们对生物学的认识，还为医学和生物技术中的创新解决方案开辟了道路。随着研究的不断发展，核酸的潜在应用无疑会扩大，进一步证明它们在科学和健康中的重要性。