nuclear spin

简明释义

核自旋

英英释义

例句

1.In quantum mechanics, nuclear spin refers to the intrinsic angular momentum of atomic nuclei.

在量子力学中，核自旋指的是原子核的内在角动量。

2.The concept of nuclear spin is crucial in understanding MRI technology.

理解MRI技术时，核自旋的概念至关重要。

3.Understanding nuclear spin can help improve techniques for quantum computing.

理解核自旋可以帮助改善量子计算的技术。

4.The nuclear spin of hydrogen plays a significant role in NMR spectroscopy.

氢的核自旋在核磁共振光谱中起着重要作用。

5.Researchers use nuclear spin to study molecular structures in chemistry.

研究人员利用核自旋研究化学中的分子结构。

作文

The concept of nuclear spin is fundamental in the field of quantum mechanics and plays a crucial role in various applications, particularly in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To understand nuclear spin, we must first delve into the properties of atomic nuclei. Each nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, which are collectively known as nucleons. These nucleons possess intrinsic angular momentum, or spin, which is a quantum property that contributes to the overall behavior of the nucleus.In essence, nuclear spin refers to the angular momentum of the nucleus resulting from the spins of these nucleons. The spin of a nucleus can take on values that depend on the number of protons and neutrons it contains. For example, an even number of nucleons often results in a total spin of zero, while an odd number can lead to a non-zero spin value. This characteristic makes certain nuclei, such as hydrogen-1 and carbon-13, particularly valuable in NMR studies because they exhibit non-zero nuclear spin.One of the most significant applications of nuclear spin is in NMR spectroscopy, a powerful analytical technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds. When a sample is placed in a strong magnetic field, the nuclear spin of certain nuclei aligns with the field. By applying radiofrequency radiation, scientists can perturb this alignment, causing the nuclei to resonate. The resulting signals provide detailed information about the molecular environment surrounding the nuclei, allowing chemists to deduce structural information about the compound being studied.Similarly, in medical imaging, nuclear spin is harnessed in MRI technology. In this case, the hydrogen nuclei in water molecules within the human body are excited by a magnetic field and radio waves. The resulting images are based on the distribution and relaxation times of these nuclear spin states, providing invaluable insights into the internal structures of the body, including soft tissues and organs.Understanding nuclear spin also opens the door to exploring phenomena such as quantum entanglement and quantum computing. In quantum systems, the manipulation of nuclear spin states can lead to advancements in quantum information processing. Researchers are investigating how to use the spin states of nuclei as qubits, the basic units of quantum information, to develop faster and more efficient computational methods.In conclusion, the term nuclear spin encompasses a wide range of implications in both theoretical and applied physics. From its role in elucidating molecular structures to its application in advanced medical imaging and quantum computing, nuclear spin is a vital concept that bridges different scientific disciplines. As research continues to evolve, our understanding of nuclear spin will undoubtedly lead to new technologies and innovations that could transform various fields, including chemistry, medicine, and computer science.

‘核自旋’的概念在量子力学领域中是基础性的，并且在许多应用中扮演着至关重要的角色，特别是在核磁共振（NMR）和磁共振成像（MRI）中。要理解‘核自旋’，我们首先必须深入了解原子核的性质。每个核由质子和中子组成，这些统称为核子。这些核子具有内在的角动量或自旋，这是一个量子特性，影响着核的整体行为。从本质上讲，‘核自旋’指的是由这些核子的自旋所导致的核的角动量。核的自旋可以取决于其所含质子和中子的数量。例如，偶数个核子通常会导致总自旋为零，而奇数个则可能导致非零的自旋值。这一特性使得某些核，例如氢-1和碳-13，在NMR研究中尤其有价值，因为它们表现出非零的‘核自旋’。‘核自旋’最重要的应用之一是在NMR光谱学中，这是一种强大的分析技术，用于确定有机化合物的结构。当样品置于强磁场中时，某些核的‘核自旋’与该场对齐。通过施加射频辐射，科学家可以扰动这种对齐，使核共振。由此产生的信号提供了关于核周围分子环境的详细信息，使化学家能够推断出被研究化合物的结构信息。同样，在医学成像中，‘核自旋’在MRI技术中被利用。在这种情况下，人体内水分子中的氢核通过磁场和射频波被激发。生成的图像基于这些‘核自旋’状态的分布和弛豫时间，提供了对身体内部结构，包括软组织和器官的重要见解。理解‘核自旋’也为探索诸如量子纠缠和量子计算等现象打开了大门。在量子系统中，对‘核自旋’状态的操控可能会推动量子信息处理的进展。研究人员正在调查如何将核的自旋状态用作量子比特，即量子信息的基本单元，以开发更快、更高效的计算方法。总之，‘核自旋’这一术语涵盖了理论和应用物理学中广泛的含义。从阐明分子结构的作用到在先进医学成像和量子计算中的应用，‘核自旋’是一个重要的概念，连接了不同的科学学科。随着研究的不断发展，我们对‘核自旋’的理解无疑将导致新技术和创新，这可能会改变化学、医学和计算机科学等多个领域。