nuclear cross section

简明释义

核截面

英英释义

例句

1.Experimental data on the nuclear cross section is essential for nuclear safety assessments.

关于核截面的实验数据对核安全评估至关重要。

2.In particle physics, the nuclear cross section helps in calculating interaction probabilities.

在粒子物理学中，核截面有助于计算相互作用的概率。

3.Scientists often use the nuclear cross section to predict the behavior of materials under radiation.

科学家们常常使用核截面来预测材料在辐射下的行为。

4.The nuclear cross section values can vary significantly depending on the energy levels involved.

核截面值可能会因所涉及的能量水平而显著变化。

5.The measurement of the nuclear cross section is crucial for understanding reactor physics.

对核截面的测量对于理解反应堆物理至关重要。

作文

The term nuclear cross section refers to a measure of the probability that a nuclear reaction will occur when a target nucleus is bombarded by a particle, such as a neutron or proton. This concept is fundamental in nuclear physics and plays a crucial role in various applications, including nuclear reactors, medical imaging, and radiation therapy. Understanding nuclear cross section helps scientists and engineers design better experiments and technologies that rely on nuclear interactions.In nuclear physics, the nuclear cross section is typically expressed in units of area, such as barns, where one barn equals 10^-28 square meters. The larger the cross section, the more likely it is that a particular interaction will occur. For example, if a nucleus has a large nuclear cross section for neutron capture, it means that when neutrons are directed at this nucleus, there is a high probability that they will be absorbed, leading to a nuclear reaction.There are different types of nuclear cross sections that correspond to various nuclear processes. The most common types include the total cross section, which accounts for all possible interactions, and the differential cross section, which describes how the scattering of particles varies with angle. Each type provides valuable information about the underlying nuclear processes and can be used to predict how different materials will behave under radiation exposure.One of the key applications of nuclear cross section data is in the field of nuclear energy. In nuclear reactors, understanding the cross sections of different isotopes allows engineers to optimize fuel composition and reactor design. For instance, knowing the nuclear cross section for fission reactions helps determine how efficiently a reactor can convert nuclear fuel into energy. It also aids in managing the safety and sustainability of nuclear power plants, as operators can predict how changes in material composition might affect reactor performance.In addition to energy production, nuclear cross section measurements are essential in medical applications. Techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) rely on precise knowledge of how radioactive isotopes interact with tissues. By understanding the nuclear cross section of these isotopes, medical professionals can improve imaging techniques and enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy for cancer treatment.Furthermore, nuclear cross section data is crucial for understanding the behavior of materials in high-energy environments, such as those found in space or during nuclear events. Scientists use this information to develop protective measures against radiation exposure and to ensure the safety of astronauts and equipment in space missions.In conclusion, the concept of nuclear cross section is vital in various fields, including nuclear physics, energy production, and medical technology. By providing insight into the likelihood of nuclear interactions, it enables advancements in research and application. As we continue to explore the complexities of nuclear reactions, the importance of accurately measuring and understanding nuclear cross section will only grow, paving the way for innovations that benefit society as a whole.

“核截面”一词指的是目标原子核在被粒子（如中子或质子）轰击时发生核反应的概率的度量。这个概念在核物理学中是基础性的，并在核反应堆、医学成像和放射治疗等各种应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解“核截面”帮助科学家和工程师设计更好的实验和依赖于核相互作用的技术。在核物理学中，“核截面”通常以面积单位表示，例如巴恩，其中一个巴恩等于10^-28平方米。截面越大，特定相互作用发生的可能性就越高。例如，如果一个原子核对中子俘获具有较大的“核截面”，这意味着当中子被指向该原子核时，它们被吸收并导致核反应的概率很高。有不同类型的“核截面”，对应于各种核过程。最常见的类型包括总截面，该截面考虑所有可能的相互作用，以及微分截面，描述粒子散射随角度变化的情况。每种类型都提供了有关潜在核过程的宝贵信息，并可用于预测不同材料在辐射暴露下的行为。“核截面”数据的一个关键应用是在核能领域。在核反应堆中，了解不同同位素的截面使工程师能够优化燃料成分和反应堆设计。例如，了解裂变反应的“核截面”有助于确定反应堆将核燃料转化为能量的效率。它还帮助管理核电站的安全性和可持续性，因为操作员可以预测材料成分的变化可能如何影响反应堆性能。除了能源生产外，“核截面”测量在医学应用中也至关重要。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）等技术依赖于对放射性同位素与组织相互作用的精确知识。通过了解这些同位素的“核截面”，医疗专业人员可以改善成像技术，提高癌症治疗的放射治疗效果。此外，“核截面”数据对于理解高能环境中材料的行为至关重要，例如在太空或核事件期间。科学家们利用这些信息开发防护措施，以抵御辐射暴露，并确保宇航员和设备在太空任务中的安全。总之，“核截面”的概念在核物理学、能源生产和医学技术等多个领域至关重要。通过提供对核相互作用发生可能性的洞察，它推动了研究和应用的进步。随着我们继续探索核反应的复杂性，准确测量和理解“核截面”的重要性只会增加，为造福整个社会的创新铺平道路。