nuclear criticality

简明释义

核临界

英英释义

例句

1.The training included a module on how to manage nuclear criticality 核临界状态 events.

培训包括一个模块，讲解如何管理核临界状态事件。

2.The safety protocols in the lab are designed to prevent any incidents related to nuclear criticality 核临界状态.

实验室中的安全协议旨在防止与核临界状态相关的任何事故。

3.During the inspection, the team evaluated the risks of nuclear criticality 核临界状态 in the reactor.

在检查期间，团队评估了反应堆中核临界状态的风险。

4.Proper shielding is necessary to protect against nuclear criticality 核临界状态 incidents.

适当的屏蔽是保护免受核临界状态事件影响的必要条件。

5.Understanding nuclear criticality 核临界状态 is essential for nuclear engineers.

理解核临界状态对核工程师来说至关重要。

作文

Nuclear energy has become a pivotal part of our modern world, providing power to millions while also posing significant risks. One of the fundamental concepts in nuclear physics is nuclear criticality, which refers to the condition under which a nuclear chain reaction becomes self-sustaining. Understanding this concept is crucial for ensuring safety in nuclear reactors and facilities that handle fissile materials.To grasp the significance of nuclear criticality, we must first understand how nuclear reactions work. In a nuclear fission reaction, heavy atomic nuclei, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, absorb neutrons and split into smaller nuclei, releasing a substantial amount of energy in the process. This reaction not only releases energy but also produces additional neutrons that can initiate further fission events. If enough fissile material is present, these reactions can continue indefinitely, leading to an exponential increase in energy release.The term nuclear criticality specifically denotes the point at which the number of neutrons produced by fission is equal to the number of neutrons lost through absorption or leakage. At this state, the system is said to be 'critical.' If the system has fewer neutrons than needed for sustaining the reaction, it is termed 'sub-critical,' and if there are more, it is 'supercritical.' The management of these states is vital in nuclear engineering and safety protocols.In practical terms, maintaining nuclear criticality is essential for the operation of nuclear reactors. Engineers must carefully calculate the amount of fissile material, the geometry of the reactor core, and the presence of neutron moderators and reflectors to ensure that the reactor remains in a stable critical state during operation. Failure to maintain this balance can lead to catastrophic failures, including meltdowns.Moreover, the concept of nuclear criticality extends beyond power generation. It is also crucial in the handling and storage of nuclear weapons and spent nuclear fuel. Facilities that store these materials must adhere to strict guidelines to prevent accidental criticality accidents, which could result in unintended nuclear reactions, radiation release, and severe environmental consequences.In recent years, advancements in technology have improved our understanding and control over nuclear criticality. Computer simulations and modeling techniques allow scientists and engineers to predict the behavior of nuclear materials under various conditions, enhancing safety measures and operational efficiency. Additionally, international regulations and standards have been established to govern the use of nuclear materials, aiming to minimize the risks associated with nuclear criticality.In conclusion, nuclear criticality is a fundamental concept in nuclear physics that plays a crucial role in both the operation of nuclear reactors and the safe handling of fissile materials. As the world continues to rely on nuclear energy, understanding and managing nuclear criticality will remain a priority for engineers and safety professionals. Through continuous research and adherence to safety protocols, we can harness the benefits of nuclear energy while minimizing the associated risks, ensuring a safer future for all.

核能已成为我们现代世界的重要组成部分，为数百万人的生活提供动力，同时也带来了重大风险。在核物理学中，一个基本概念是核临界性，它指的是核链反应自我维持的状态。理解这个概念对于确保核反应堆和处理裂变材料的设施的安全至关重要。要理解核临界性的重要性，我们首先必须了解核反应是如何工作的。在核裂变反应中，重原子核，如铀-235或钚-239，吸收中子并分裂成较小的核，同时释放出大量能量。这一反应不仅释放能量，还产生额外的中子，这些中子可以引发进一步的裂变事件。如果存在足够的裂变材料，这些反应可以无限期地继续下去，导致能量释放呈指数增长。术语核临界性特指裂变产生的中子数量等于因吸收或泄漏而损失的中子数量的点。在这一状态下，系统被称为“临界”。如果系统中的中子少于维持反应所需的数量，则称为“亚临界”，而如果中子数量更多，则称为“超临界”。管理这些状态在核工程和安全协议中至关重要。在实际操作中，维持核临界性对核反应堆的运行至关重要。工程师必须仔细计算裂变材料的数量、反应堆核心的几何形状以及中子慢化剂和反射器的存在，以确保反应堆在运行期间保持在稳定的临界状态。未能维持这种平衡可能导致灾难性的故障，包括熔毁。此外，核临界性的概念不仅限于发电。它在核武器和核废料的处理与储存中同样至关重要。存储这些材料的设施必须遵循严格的指南，以防止意外的临界事故，这可能导致意外的核反应、辐射释放和严重的环境后果。近年来，技术的进步改善了我们对核临界性的理解和控制。计算机模拟和建模技术使科学家和工程师能够预测核材料在各种条件下的行为，从而增强安全措施和操作效率。此外，国际规定和标准已被建立，以规范核材料的使用，旨在最小化与核临界性相关的风险。总之，核临界性是核物理学中的一个基本概念，在核反应堆的运行和裂变材料的安全处理方面发挥着至关重要的作用。随着世界继续依赖核能，理解和管理核临界性将始终是工程师和安全专业人员的优先事项。通过持续研究和遵守安全协议，我们可以利用核能的好处，同时最小化相关风险，为所有人确保一个更安全的未来。