neutron poison

简明释义

中子毒物

英英释义

例句

1.Some materials act as neutron poison and are added to fuel assemblies.

某些材料作为中子毒剂被添加到燃料组件中。

2.During a shutdown, neutron poison is often injected to prevent any unintended reactions.

在停机期间，通常会注入中子毒剂以防止任何意外反应。

3.Engineers must carefully monitor the levels of neutron poison in the reactor core.

工程师必须仔细监测反应堆核心中的中子毒剂水平。

4.The presence of neutron poison can significantly affect the reactor's efficiency.

存在的中子毒剂会显著影响反应堆的效率。

5.In nuclear reactors, neutron poison is used to control the fission reaction.

在核反应堆中，中子毒剂被用来控制裂变反应。

作文

In the realm of nuclear physics and engineering, the term neutron poison refers to materials that absorb neutrons and thereby reduce the number of free neutrons available to sustain a nuclear chain reaction. This concept is crucial in the design and operation of nuclear reactors, where maintaining a delicate balance of neutron flux is essential for efficient and safe energy production. The presence of neutron poison can significantly influence the reactivity of a reactor core, impacting both its performance and safety parameters.One of the most common examples of neutron poison is boron. Boron has a high neutron absorption cross-section, meaning it readily captures neutrons. This property makes boron an effective control material in nuclear reactors. For instance, in light water reactors, control rods made from boron-containing materials are used to regulate the fission process by absorbing excess neutrons. When these rods are inserted into the reactor core, they increase the amount of neutron poison, thus lowering the reactivity and slowing down the chain reaction.Another significant neutron poison is cadmium, which is also utilized in control rods. Cadmium's ability to absorb neutrons allows operators to maintain a stable and controlled nuclear reaction. By adjusting the position of these control rods, operators can finely tune the reactor's power output, ensuring it remains within safe operational limits.The control of neutron poison is not only vital during normal operations but also plays a critical role in emergency situations. In the event of an uncontrolled reaction, the introduction of additional neutron poison can help to quickly reduce the reactivity and bring the reactor back to a safe state. This highlights the importance of understanding and managing neutron poison in the context of nuclear safety.Furthermore, the concept of neutron poison extends beyond just control rods. Some reactor designs intentionally incorporate certain materials within the fuel or coolant to act as inherent neutron poison. For example, some types of molten salt reactors utilize dissolved materials that absorb neutrons as part of their operational strategy. This approach can enhance safety by providing a built-in mechanism to prevent excessive reactivity.However, the use of neutron poison is not without challenges. Over-reliance on these materials can lead to decreased efficiency in the reactor, as too much absorption of neutrons can inhibit the fission process necessary for energy generation. Therefore, engineers must carefully balance the amount of neutron poison present in a reactor to optimize performance while ensuring safety.In conclusion, understanding neutron poison is essential for anyone involved in the field of nuclear science and engineering. It plays a pivotal role in the operation of nuclear reactors, influencing both their safety and efficiency. As we continue to advance in nuclear technology, the management of neutron poison will remain a critical area of focus, ensuring that we harness the power of nuclear energy responsibly and effectively.

在核物理和工程领域，术语中子毒物指的是吸收中子的材料，从而减少可用于维持核链式反应的自由中子数量。这个概念在核反应堆的设计和操作中至关重要，因为维持中子通量的微妙平衡对于高效和安全的能源生产是必不可少的。中子毒物的存在会显著影响反应堆核心的反应性，从而影响其性能和安全参数。最常见的中子毒物之一是硼。硼具有高的中子吸收截面，意味着它容易捕获中子。这一特性使得硼成为核反应堆中有效的控制材料。例如，在轻水反应堆中，采用含硼材料的控制棒来通过吸收多余的中子来调节裂变过程。当这些控制棒插入反应堆核心时，它们增加了中子毒物的量，从而降低反应性并减缓链式反应。另一个重要的中子毒物是镉，也被用在控制棒中。镉吸收中子的能力使得操作员能够保持稳定和受控的核反应。通过调整这些控制棒的位置，操作员可以精细调节反应堆的功率输出，确保其保持在安全的操作范围内。中子毒物的控制不仅在正常操作中至关重要，而且在紧急情况下也发挥着关键作用。在发生失控反应的情况下，额外引入中子毒物可以帮助快速降低反应性并将反应堆带回安全状态。这突显了在核安全背景下理解和管理中子毒物的重要性。此外，中子毒物的概念不仅限于控制棒。一些反应堆设计故意在燃料或冷却剂中加入某些材料，以充当固有的中子毒物。例如，一些类型的熔盐反应堆利用溶解的材料作为操作策略的一部分，这些材料吸收中子。这种方法可以通过提供内置机制防止过度反应性来增强安全性。然而，使用中子毒物并非没有挑战。过度依赖这些材料可能导致反应堆效率下降，因为过多的中子吸收可能抑制能量产生所需的裂变过程。因此，工程师必须仔细平衡反应堆中存在的中子毒物的量，以优化性能，同时确保安全。总之，理解中子毒物对于任何参与核科学和工程领域的人来说都是必不可少的。它在核反应堆的操作中发挥着关键作用，影响着其安全性和效率。随着我们在核技术方面的不断进步，管理中子毒物将仍然是一个关键关注领域，确保我们负责任和有效地利用核能。