neutron excess number

简明释义

中子过剩

英英释义

例句

1.Nuclei with an optimal neutron excess number (中子过剩数) are generally more stable.

具有最佳neutron excess number（中子过剩数）的核通常更稳定。

2.Isotopes with a high neutron excess number (中子过剩数) tend to be radioactive.

具有高neutron excess number（中子过剩数）的同位素往往是放射性的。

3.The stability of a nucleus is often determined by its neutron excess number (中子过剩数), which indicates the balance between protons and neutrons.

核的稳定性通常由其neutron excess number（中子过剩数）决定，这表明质子和中子之间的平衡。

4.The neutron excess number (中子过剩数) plays a crucial role in understanding neutron-rich nuclei.

在理解富中子核时，neutron excess number（中子过剩数）起着至关重要的作用。

5.In nuclear physics, calculating the neutron excess number (中子过剩数) helps predict decay modes.

在核物理中，计算neutron excess number（中子过剩数）有助于预测衰变模式。

作文

Understanding the concept of the neutron excess number is crucial in the field of nuclear physics and chemistry. It refers to the difference between the number of neutrons and the number of protons in an atomic nucleus. This parameter plays a significant role in determining the stability and behavior of isotopes. When we delve into the structure of an atom, we find that it consists of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, surrounded by electrons in orbitals. The balance between these particles is essential for the atom's stability. The neutron excess number can be expressed mathematically as N - Z, where N represents the number of neutrons and Z denotes the number of protons.When an atom has more neutrons than protons, it is said to have a positive neutron excess number. This condition can lead to various forms of radioactive decay, as the nucleus seeks to achieve a more stable configuration. For instance, isotopes with a high neutron excess number may undergo beta decay, where a neutron transforms into a proton while emitting a beta particle. This process alters the atomic number, resulting in a different element altogether.On the other hand, if an atom has fewer neutrons than protons, it will have a negative neutron excess number. Such nuclei are generally more stable, but they can still exhibit unique behaviors under certain conditions. Understanding the implications of the neutron excess number is vital for predicting the types of decay processes that may occur in various isotopes.The significance of the neutron excess number extends beyond theoretical physics; it has practical applications in fields such as nuclear medicine and energy. For example, in nuclear medicine, isotopes with specific neutron excess numbers are used for diagnostic imaging and treatment. These isotopes emit radiation that can be detected and used to visualize internal organs or treat cancerous tissues.Moreover, in nuclear reactors, the control of neutron excess numbers is essential for maintaining a sustained nuclear chain reaction. The presence of excess neutrons can lead to a faster reaction rate, which must be carefully monitored to prevent overheating or potential meltdowns.In summary, the neutron excess number is a fundamental concept in understanding nuclear stability and decay. It influences not only the theoretical aspects of atomic structure but also practical applications in medicine and energy production. By comprehending the implications of the neutron excess number, scientists and engineers can better predict the behavior of isotopes and harness their properties for beneficial uses in society. As research continues to advance, our understanding of this concept will undoubtedly evolve, leading to new discoveries and innovations in various scientific fields.

理解中子过剩数的概念在核物理和化学领域至关重要。它指的是原子核中中子数与质子数之间的差异。这个参数在确定同位素的稳定性和行为方面发挥着重要作用。当我们深入研究原子的结构时，我们发现它由质子和中子组成，围绕着电子在轨道中运转。这些粒子之间的平衡对于原子的稳定性至关重要。中子过剩数可以用数学公式表示为N - Z，其中N代表中子数，Z代表质子数。当一个原子具有比质子更多的中子时，它被称为具有正的中子过剩数。这种情况可能导致各种形式的放射性衰变，因为原子核寻求实现更稳定的构型。例如，具有高中子过剩数的同位素可能会经历β衰变，其中一个中子转变为一个质子，同时发射出一个β粒子。这个过程改变了原子序数，导致完全不同的元素。另一方面，如果一个原子具有比质子更少的中子，它将具有负的中子过剩数。这样的核通常更稳定，但在某些条件下仍然可以表现出独特的行为。理解中子过剩数的影响对于预测各种同位素可能发生的衰变过程至关重要。中子过剩数的重要性不仅限于理论物理；它在核医学和能源等领域也具有实际应用。例如，在核医学中，具有特定中子过剩数的同位素用于诊断成像和治疗。这些同位素发出可以被检测到的辐射，用于可视化内部器官或治疗癌症组织。此外，在核反应堆中，控制中子过剩数对于维持持续的核链反应至关重要。过多的中子可能导致反应速率加快，必须仔细监控以防止过热或潜在的熔毁。总之，中子过剩数是理解核稳定性和衰变的基本概念。它不仅影响原子结构的理论方面，还影响医学和能源生产中的实际应用。通过理解中子过剩数的影响，科学家和工程师可以更好地预测同位素的行为，并利用其特性为社会带来益处。随着研究的不断推进，我们对这一概念的理解无疑将不断发展，导致各个科学领域的新发现和创新。