neutron excess

简明释义

中子过剩

英英释义

例句

1.Isotopes with a high neutron excess are often unstable and radioactive.

具有高中子过剩的同位素通常是不稳定和放射性的。

2.The stability of heavy nuclei is often affected by the degree of neutron excess.

重核的稳定性通常受到中子过剩程度的影响。

3.The concept of neutron excess is crucial in predicting nuclear reactions.

在预测核反应时，中子过剩的概念是至关重要的。

4.In nuclear physics, neutron excess can lead to beta decay in certain isotopes.

在核物理中，某些同位素的中子过剩可能导致β衰变。

5.Research on neutron excess helps scientists understand the formation of neutron stars.

对中子过剩的研究帮助科学家理解中子星的形成。

作文

The concept of neutron excess refers to the condition in which an atomic nucleus contains more neutrons than protons. This phenomenon is significant in nuclear physics and has implications for the stability and behavior of isotopes. In a stable nucleus, the ratio of neutrons to protons is generally close to one, but in certain isotopes, particularly those that are heavier, the number of neutrons can exceed the number of protons. This imbalance can lead to various forms of radioactive decay, as the nucleus seeks to achieve a more stable configuration. Understanding neutron excess is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it helps scientists predict the stability of isotopes. For example, isotopes with a high neutron excess may undergo beta decay, where a neutron is transformed into a proton, emitting an electron and an antineutrino in the process. This transformation reduces the neutron-to-proton ratio, moving the nucleus closer to stability.Secondly, neutron excess plays a vital role in nucleosynthesis, the process by which elements are formed in stars. During stellar explosions, such as supernovae, conditions can become favorable for the formation of heavy elements that exhibit a significant neutron excess. This is because the extreme temperatures and pressures allow for rapid neutron capture, leading to the creation of unstable isotopes that eventually decay into stable forms over time.Moreover, the study of neutron excess is essential in understanding nuclear reactions and their applications in fields such as nuclear energy and medicine. In nuclear reactors, the presence of a neutron excess can influence the fission process, affecting how efficiently the reactor operates. Similarly, in medical applications like cancer treatment, isotopes with specific neutron excess properties can be utilized for targeted radiation therapy, allowing for more effective treatment with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissues.In summary, the term neutron excess encapsulates a fundamental aspect of nuclear structure and stability. It highlights the delicate balance required for nuclei to remain stable and the consequences that arise when this balance is disrupted. As research continues to advance in the field of nuclear physics, our understanding of neutron excess will undoubtedly deepen, revealing new insights into the universe's building blocks and enhancing our ability to harness nuclear technology for both energy production and medical advancements.

“中子过剩”这一概念指的是原子核中中子的数量超过质子的情况。这一现象在核物理学中具有重要意义，并且对同位素的稳定性和行为产生影响。在一个稳定的原子核中，中子与质子的比例通常接近1，但在某些同位素中，尤其是那些较重的同位素中，中子的数量可能会超过质子的数量。这种不平衡可能导致各种形式的放射性衰变，因为原子核试图达到更稳定的构型。理解“中子过剩”至关重要，原因有几个。首先，它帮助科学家预测同位素的稳定性。例如，具有高“中子过剩”的同位素可能会经历β衰变，其中一个中子转变为一个质子，同时释放出一个电子和一个反中微子。这一转变减少了中子与质子的比率，使得原子核更接近稳定。其次，“中子过剩”在核合成过程中起着至关重要的作用，这是元素在恒星中形成的过程。在恒星爆炸（如超新星）期间，条件可以变得有利于形成具有显著“中子过剩”的重元素。这是因为极端的温度和压力使得快速中子捕获成为可能，从而导致不稳定同位素的形成，这些同位素最终会随着时间的推移衰变为稳定形式。此外，研究“中子过剩”对于理解核反应及其在核能和医学等领域的应用也至关重要。在核反应堆中，“中子过剩”的存在可能会影响裂变过程，进而影响反应堆的运行效率。同样，在癌症治疗等医疗应用中，具有特定“中子过剩”属性的同位素可以用于靶向放射治疗，从而实现更有效的治疗，同时对周围健康组织造成的损伤最小。总之，“中子过剩”这个术语概括了核结构和稳定性的基本方面。它突显了原子核保持稳定所需的微妙平衡，以及当这种平衡被打破时所产生的后果。随着核物理领域研究的不断深入，我们对“中子过剩”的理解无疑会加深，揭示出宇宙构建块的新见解，并增强我们利用核技术进行能源生产和医疗进步的能力。