neutron economy

简明释义

中子的有效利用

英英释义

例句

1.The design of the reactor focuses on improving the neutron economy to ensure efficient fuel use.

反应堆的设计侧重于改善中子经济以确保有效利用燃料。

2.The concept of neutron economy is critical for sustainable nuclear energy development.

中子经济的概念对可持续核能发展至关重要。

3.Improving the neutron economy allows for longer operational cycles of nuclear reactors.

改善中子经济可以延长核反应堆的运行周期。

4.Researchers are exploring new materials that enhance neutron economy in fusion reactions.

研究人员正在探索能够增强聚变反应中中子经济的新材料。

5.A higher neutron economy can lead to reduced waste production in nuclear reactors.

更高的中子经济可以减少核反应堆中的废物产生。

作文

The concept of neutron economy is fundamental in the field of nuclear physics and engineering, particularly in the design and operation of nuclear reactors. To understand what neutron economy means, we must first consider the role of neutrons in nuclear fission reactions. Neutrons are neutral particles that, when introduced into a fissile material such as uranium or plutonium, can induce fission, releasing a significant amount of energy. The efficiency of a nuclear reactor heavily relies on maintaining a favorable neutron economy, which refers to the balance between the number of neutrons produced during fission and the number of neutrons lost through absorption and leakage.In a well-designed reactor, the goal is to achieve a state where enough neutrons are available to sustain a chain reaction without excessive losses. This is crucial because if too many neutrons are absorbed by non-fissile materials or leak out of the reactor core, the reactor may not be able to maintain criticality. A positive neutron economy ensures that there are sufficient neutrons to continue the fission process, thereby allowing the reactor to operate efficiently and safely.To enhance neutron economy, various strategies are employed. One common method is the use of moderators, which are materials that slow down fast neutrons to increase the likelihood of them causing further fission. Common moderators include water, heavy water, and graphite. By slowing down the neutrons, these materials increase the probability of fission events, thus improving the overall neutron economy of the reactor.Another important aspect of neutron economy is the choice of fuel. Different isotopes of uranium and plutonium have varying probabilities of fission when bombarded with neutrons. For example, uranium-235 is more likely to undergo fission than uranium-238 when it interacts with thermal neutrons. Therefore, using a fuel that has a higher fission cross-section can significantly enhance the neutron economy of a reactor.Moreover, reactor design plays a critical role in optimizing neutron economy. The geometry of the reactor core, the arrangement of fuel assemblies, and the presence of control rods all influence how neutrons move within the reactor. Control rods, made of materials that absorb neutrons, can be adjusted to manage the reactivity of the reactor. By carefully controlling the insertion of these rods, operators can maintain an optimal neutron economy, ensuring that the reactor operates at the desired power level.In conclusion, neutron economy is a vital concept in nuclear reactor technology, influencing the efficiency and safety of nuclear power generation. Understanding and optimizing neutron economy allows engineers and physicists to design reactors that can sustainably produce energy while minimizing the risks associated with nuclear fission. As we continue to explore the potential of nuclear energy, mastering the principles of neutron economy will be essential for the development of advanced reactor designs and the future of clean energy production.

“中子经济”这个概念在核物理和工程领域中至关重要，特别是在核反应堆的设计和运行中。要理解“中子经济”的含义，我们首先必须考虑中子在核裂变反应中的作用。中子是中性粒子，当它们被引入到如铀或钚等裂变材料中时，可以诱导裂变，释放出大量的能量。核反应堆的效率在很大程度上依赖于维持良好的“中子经济”，这指的是裂变过程中产生的中子数量与通过吸收和泄漏损失的中子数量之间的平衡。在设计良好的反应堆中，目标是实现一个足够的中子以维持链式反应而不造成过多损失的状态。这一点至关重要，因为如果太多的中子被非裂变材料吸收或从反应堆核心泄漏，反应堆可能无法维持临界状态。积极的“中子经济”确保有足够的中子继续裂变过程，从而使反应堆能够高效、安全地运行。为了增强“中子经济”，会采用各种策略。一种常见的方法是使用慢化剂，这些材料可以减缓快中子的速度，以增加它们引发进一步裂变的可能性。常用的慢化剂包括水、重水和石墨。通过减慢中子的速度，这些材料提高了裂变事件的概率，从而改善了反应堆的整体“中子经济”。“中子经济”的另一个重要方面是燃料的选择。不同同位素的铀和钚在受到中子轰击时具有不同的裂变概率。例如，与铀-238相比，铀-235在与热中子相互作用时更可能发生裂变。因此，使用具有更高裂变截面的燃料可以显著增强反应堆的“中子经济”。此外，反应堆设计在优化“中子经济”中也起着关键作用。反应堆核心的几何形状、燃料组件的排列以及控制棒的存在都会影响中子在反应堆内的运动。控制棒由吸收中子的材料制成，可以调节以管理反应堆的反应性。通过仔细控制这些棒的插入，操作员可以维持最佳的“中子经济”，确保反应堆在所需的功率水平下运行。总之，“中子经济”是核反应堆技术中的一个重要概念，影响着核能发电的效率和安全性。理解和优化“中子经济”使工程师和物理学家能够设计出能够可持续地产生能量的反应堆，同时最小化与核裂变相关的风险。随着我们继续探索核能的潜力，掌握“中子经济”的原理将对先进反应堆设计的发展和清洁能源生产的未来至关重要。