neutron capture cross section

简明释义

中子俘获截面

英英释义

例句

1.The value of the neutron capture cross section is crucial for understanding how materials interact with neutrons.

了解材料与中子的相互作用时，中子俘获截面的数值至关重要。

2.Researchers measured the neutron capture cross section of various isotopes to improve reactor designs.

研究人员测量了多种同位素的中子俘获截面以改进反应堆设计。

3.The neutron capture cross section can vary significantly between different materials.

中子俘获截面在不同材料之间可能有显著差异。

4.In nuclear reactors, the neutron capture cross section of fuel elements determines their efficiency.

在核反应堆中，燃料元件的中子俘获截面决定了它们的效率。

5.Understanding the neutron capture cross section helps in the development of radiation shielding materials.

理解中子俘获截面有助于辐射屏蔽材料的开发。

作文

The study of nuclear physics involves understanding various fundamental concepts that govern the behavior of atomic nuclei. One such concept is the neutron capture cross section, which plays a crucial role in nuclear reactions and interactions. The neutron capture cross section refers to the probability of a neutron being absorbed by a nucleus when it collides with it. This probability is quantified by a measure known as the cross section, which is expressed in units of area, typically barns (1 barn = 10^-28 square meters). Understanding this concept is essential for several applications, including nuclear reactor design, radiation shielding, and even astrophysics.In nuclear reactors, the neutron capture cross section is critical for controlling the fission process. When neutrons are emitted from fission reactions, they can either cause further fission events or be captured by other nuclei. The likelihood of these outcomes is determined by the neutron capture cross section of the materials present in the reactor. For instance, materials with a high neutron capture cross section can absorb neutrons effectively, thereby reducing the number of free neutrons available to sustain the chain reaction. This property is particularly important in control rods, which are used to manage the reactivity of the reactor core.Moreover, the neutron capture cross section is not a constant value; it varies with the energy of the incoming neutrons. At low energies, certain isotopes have significantly higher capture probabilities, making them more effective at absorbing neutrons. This phenomenon is often exploited in the design of nuclear reactors, where specific materials are chosen based on their neutron capture cross section to optimize the reactor's performance. For example, materials like boron and cadmium are commonly used in control rods due to their favorable capture characteristics.In addition to its importance in nuclear engineering, the neutron capture cross section also has implications in astrophysics. Neutron stars, for example, are incredibly dense remnants of supernova explosions, and their formation involves complex nuclear processes, including neutron capture. The understanding of how elements are synthesized in stars relies on knowledge of various nuclear reactions, including those governed by the neutron capture cross section. This understanding helps scientists explain the abundance of certain elements in the universe and the processes that lead to their formation.To summarize, the neutron capture cross section is a fundamental concept in nuclear physics that describes the likelihood of neutron absorption by atomic nuclei. Its significance extends beyond theoretical studies, impacting practical applications in nuclear reactors and providing insights into cosmic phenomena. As research continues to advance our understanding of nuclear interactions, the neutron capture cross section will remain a key focus for both scientists and engineers alike, highlighting its importance in both technology and our comprehension of the universe.In conclusion, grasping the concept of the neutron capture cross section is vital for anyone interested in nuclear science. It not only enhances our understanding of nuclear reactions but also informs the development of technologies that harness nuclear energy. As we delve deeper into the mysteries of the atomic world, the neutron capture cross section will undoubtedly continue to play a pivotal role in shaping our knowledge and advancements in various fields.

核物理的研究涉及理解支配原子核行为的各种基本概念。其中一个重要概念是中子俘获截面，它在核反应和相互作用中起着关键作用。中子俘获截面指的是中子在与原子核碰撞时被吸收的概率。这个概率通过称为截面的量度来量化，通常以面积单位表示，通常为巴恩（1巴恩=10^-28平方米）。理解这一概念对于多个应用至关重要，包括核反应堆设计、辐射屏蔽，甚至天体物理学。在核反应堆中，中子俘获截面对于控制裂变过程至关重要。当裂变反应释放出中子时，它们可以导致进一步的裂变事件或被其他原子核捕获。这些结果的可能性由反应堆中材料的中子俘获截面决定。例如，具有高中子俘获截面的材料可以有效吸收中子，从而减少可用于维持链式反应的自由中子数量。这一特性在控制棒中尤为重要，控制棒用于管理反应堆核心的反应性。此外，中子俘获截面并不是一个恒定值；它随着入射中子的能量而变化。在低能量下，某些同位素的俘获概率显著提高，使其更有效地吸收中子。这种现象通常在核反应堆的设计中得到利用，特定材料根据其中子俘获截面的特性被选择，以优化反应堆的性能。例如，硼和镉等材料由于其有利的俘获特性而常用于控制棒。除了在核工程中的重要性外，中子俘获截面在天体物理学中也有重要影响。中子星是超新星爆炸的极其密集的残骸，其形成涉及复杂的核过程，包括中子俘获。元素在恒星中的合成理解依赖于对各种核反应的知识，包括由中子俘获截面支配的反应。这种理解帮助科学家解释宇宙中某些元素的丰度以及导致其形成的过程。总之，中子俘获截面是核物理中的一个基本概念，描述了中子被原子核吸收的可能性。它的重要性超越理论研究，影响着核反应堆中的实际应用，并提供了对宇宙现象的洞察。随着研究的不断发展，加深我们对核相互作用的理解，中子俘获截面将继续成为科学家和工程师的重点，突显其在技术和我们对宇宙理解中的重要性。最后，掌握中子俘获截面的概念对任何对核科学感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的。它不仅增强了我们对核反应的理解，还为开发利用核能的技术提供了信息。当我们深入研究原子世界的奥秘时，中子俘获截面无疑将继续在塑造我们的知识和各个领域的进步中发挥关键作用。