neutron capture

简明释义

中子俘获

英英释义

例句

1.The isotopes produced from neutron capture can be used in medical applications.

通过中子俘获产生的同位素可以用于医学应用。

2.The neutron capture cross-section of certain materials can determine their effectiveness as neutron absorbers.

某些材料的中子俘获截面可以决定它们作为中子吸收剂的有效性。

3.Scientists study neutron capture to improve the safety of nuclear waste management.

科学家研究中子俘获以提高核废料管理的安全性。

4.During the neutron capture process, the nucleus of an atom absorbs a neutron and may become unstable.

在中子俘获过程中，原子核吸收一个中子，并可能变得不稳定。

5.In nuclear reactors, the process of neutron capture is crucial for sustaining the fission reaction.

在核反应堆中，中子俘获过程对维持裂变反应至关重要。

作文

In the realm of nuclear physics, one of the fundamental processes that occurs is known as neutron capture. This process involves a nucleus absorbing a neutron, which can lead to various outcomes depending on the type of nucleus and the energy of the incoming neutron. Understanding neutron capture is crucial for many applications, including nuclear reactors, medical imaging, and even the synthesis of elements in stars.The process of neutron capture can be divided into two main categories: radiative capture and non-radiative capture. In radiative capture, when a neutron is absorbed by a nucleus, it often results in the emission of gamma radiation. This is a common occurrence in many isotopes and is a significant aspect of how nuclear reactions are studied and utilized. The emitted gamma rays can be detected and measured, providing valuable information about the properties of the nucleus and the nature of the neutron interaction.On the other hand, non-radiative capture does not result in the emission of gamma rays. Instead, the captured neutron may lead to the formation of a heavier isotope of the original element. This change in the atomic mass can have profound implications, particularly in the context of nuclear fission and fusion processes. For instance, in a nuclear reactor, neutron capture plays a crucial role in the chain reaction that produces energy. When uranium-235 absorbs a neutron, it can become uranium-236, which is unstable and subsequently undergoes fission, releasing a significant amount of energy.The significance of neutron capture extends beyond energy production. In astrophysics, this process is responsible for the creation of many heavy elements in the universe. During stellar nucleosynthesis, stars fuse lighter elements into heavier ones, and neutron capture is a key mechanism in this process. There are two main types of neutron capture that occur in stars: the s-process (slow capture) and the r-process (rapid capture). The s-process occurs in asymptotic giant branch stars and involves a slow accumulation of neutrons, while the r-process occurs in more extreme environments, such as supernovae, where a large number of neutrons are available in a short period.In addition to its role in energy production and element formation, neutron capture has important applications in medical fields. For example, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a novel cancer treatment method that utilizes the principles of neutron capture. In this therapy, boron-10 is introduced to tumor cells, and when these cells are irradiated with neutrons, a reaction occurs that selectively destroys the cancerous cells while sparing healthy tissue. This targeted approach highlights the potential of neutron capture in advancing medical treatments and improving patient outcomes.In conclusion, neutron capture is a fundamental process in nuclear physics with wide-ranging implications in various fields, including energy production, astrophysics, and medicine. A deeper understanding of neutron capture not only enhances our knowledge of nuclear reactions but also opens up new avenues for technological advancements and innovative therapies. As research continues to evolve, the importance of neutron capture will undoubtedly grow, leading to exciting discoveries and applications in the future.

在核物理领域，发生的基本过程之一被称为中子俘获。这个过程涉及到一个原子核吸收一个中子，这可能导致不同的结果，具体取决于原子核的类型和入射中子的能量。理解中子俘获对于许多应用至关重要，包括核反应堆、医学成像，甚至是恒星中的元素合成。中子俘获的过程可以分为两大类：辐射俘获和非辐射俘获。在辐射俘获中，当一个中子被一个原子核吸收时，通常会导致伽马辐射的发射。这在许多同位素中是常见的，并且是研究和利用核反应的重要方面。发射的伽马射线可以被检测和测量，从而提供有关原子核特性和中子相互作用性质的宝贵信息。另一方面，非辐射俘获不会导致伽马射线的发射。相反，被俘获的中子可能导致原始元素形成一个更重的同位素。这种原子质量的变化可能产生深远的影响，特别是在核裂变和聚变过程中。例如，在核反应堆中，中子俘获在产生能量的链式反应中起着关键作用。当铀-235吸收一个中子时，它可能变成铀-236，而铀-236是不稳定的，随后发生裂变，释放出大量能量。中子俘获的重要性超越了能量生产。在天体物理学中，这一过程负责宇宙中许多重元素的形成。在恒星核合成过程中，恒星将较轻的元素融合为较重的元素，而中子俘获是这一过程中的关键机制。在恒星中发生的中子俘获主要有两种类型：s过程（慢俘获）和r过程（快速俘获）。s过程发生在渐近巨星分支恒星中，涉及中子的缓慢积累，而r过程则发生在更极端的环境中，如超新星，在那里短时间内可获得大量中子。除了在能量生产和元素形成中的作用外，中子俘获在医学领域也有重要应用。例如，硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）是一种新型癌症治疗方法，利用了中子俘获的原理。在这种疗法中，硼-10被引入肿瘤细胞，当这些细胞被中子照射时，会发生反应，选择性地摧毁癌细胞，同时保护健康组织。这种靶向方法突显了中子俘获在推动医疗治疗和改善患者结果方面的潜力。总之，中子俘获是核物理中的一个基本过程，具有广泛的影响，涵盖了能源生产、天体物理学和医学等多个领域。对中子俘获的深入理解不仅增强了我们对核反应的认识，而且为技术进步和创新疗法开辟了新的途径。随着研究的持续发展，中子俘获的重要性无疑将不断增长，未来将带来令人兴奋的发现和应用。