heteroatom

简明释义

英[ˈhetərəʊˌætəm]美[ˈhetəroʊˌætəm]

n. 杂原子，杂环原子

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The key step was a substrate controlled asymmetric heteroatom conjugated addition.

关键反应为底物控制的不对称杂原子共轭加成反应。

2.The experimental results show that the fractions of the extracts consist mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroatom-containing compounds.

实验结果表明，萃取物主要由脂肪烃、 芳香烃和含杂原子化合物组成。

3.As an important approach of carbon-carbon bond formation and carbon-heteroatom bond formation, photochemistry of organic halides has been studied extensively.

有机卤代物的光反应作为构建碳-碳键和碳-杂原子键的一种重要途径已经得到了广泛和深入的研究。

4.The results showed that the aromatic ratio, heteroatom and metal contents contribute to the high polarity of the asphaltenes. This is the basis of other properties of heavy oil.

结果表明，沥青质的高极性是由其高芳烃含量、高杂原子和金属含量引起的，这是研究稠油其它性质的基础。

5.Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen heteroatom (s) only.

仅含有氮杂原子的杂环化合物。

6.The results showed that the aromatic ratio, heteroatom and metal contents contribute to the high polarity of the asphaltenes. This is the basis of other properties of heavy oil.

结果表明，沥青质的高极性是由其高芳烃含量、高杂原子和金属含量引起的，这是研究稠油其它性质的基础。

7.The heteroatom in the ring structure of this compound stabilizes its configuration.

该化合物环结构中的杂原子稳定了其构型。

8.Common heteroatoms include nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

常见的杂原子包括氮、氧和硫。

9.In medicinal chemistry, introducing a heteroatom can improve drug solubility.

在药物化学中，引入一个杂原子可以改善药物的溶解性。

10.The presence of a heteroatom can significantly alter the physical properties of a compound.

一个杂原子的存在可以显著改变化合物的物理性质。

11.In organic chemistry, a molecule containing a heteroatom is often more reactive than one that does not.

在有机化学中，含有杂原子的分子通常比不含的分子更具反应性。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, the term heteroatom refers to any atom in a molecular structure that is not carbon or hydrogen. Common examples of heteroatoms include elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These atoms play a critical role in determining the chemical properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Understanding the significance of heteroatoms is essential for chemists as they design new molecules for pharmaceuticals, materials science, and various other applications.The presence of heteroatoms in organic molecules often alters their physical and chemical properties compared to their all-carbon counterparts. For instance, the introduction of a heteroatom like oxygen can increase the polarity of a molecule, making it more soluble in water. This property is particularly important in drug design, where solubility can affect how a drug is absorbed and distributed in the body.Moreover, heteroatoms can influence the acidity and basicity of organic compounds. For example, the presence of a nitrogen atom in an amine group can make the compound more basic, while an oxygen atom in a carboxylic acid can enhance its acidity. This variability allows chemists to tailor the behavior of molecules to suit specific needs, whether it's enhancing the efficacy of a medication or improving the performance of a material.In addition to affecting reactivity and solubility, heteroatoms also participate in the formation of various functional groups, which are crucial for the classification and reactivity of organic compounds. Functional groups containing heteroatoms can lead to diverse chemical reactions, enabling the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. For instance, the presence of a sulfur atom in thiols leads to different reaction pathways than those observed in alcohols, which contain oxygen.Furthermore, the study of heteroatoms is vital in understanding biological systems. Many biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleotides, and vitamins, contain heteroatoms that are essential for life. The interactions between these heteroatoms and other molecules in biological systems can dictate the functionality of enzymes and the behavior of metabolic pathways.In conclusion, heteroatoms are more than just non-carbon atoms in organic chemistry; they are fundamental components that shape the characteristics and behaviors of molecules. By incorporating heteroatoms into their designs, chemists can create substances with desired properties for a wide range of applications, from medicine to materials science. Thus, a deep understanding of heteroatoms and their effects on molecular behavior is crucial for anyone working in the field of chemistry.

在化学领域，术语heteroatom指的是分子结构中任何不是碳或氢的原子。常见的heteroatom示例包括氮、氧、硫和磷等元素。这些原子在决定有机化合物的化学性质和反应性方面起着至关重要的作用。理解heteroatoms的重要性对于化学家而言是必不可少的，因为他们在设计新分子用于药物、材料科学及其他各种应用时。有机分子中heteroatoms的存在往往会改变其与全碳相对分子的物理和化学性质。例如，引入像氧这样的heteroatom可以增加分子的极性，使其在水中的溶解度更高。这一特性在药物设计中尤为重要，因为溶解度会影响药物在体内的吸收和分布。此外，heteroatoms也会影响有机化合物的酸性和碱性。例如，氮原子出现在胺基中可以使化合物更具碱性，而氧原子出现在羧酸中则可以增强其酸性。这种可变性使化学家能够根据特定需求量身定制分子的行为，无论是增强药物的疗效还是改善材料的性能。除了影响反应性和溶解度外，heteroatoms还参与形成各种功能团，这对有机化合物的分类和反应性至关重要。含有heteroatoms的功能团可以导致多样的化学反应，使得从简单分子合成复杂分子成为可能。例如，硫原子在硫醇中存在会导致不同于含氧的醇类的反应途径。此外，研究heteroatoms对于理解生物系统至关重要。许多生物分子，如氨基酸、核苷酸和维生素，含有对生命至关重要的heteroatoms。这些heteroatoms与生物系统中其他分子的相互作用可以决定酶的功能和代谢途径的行为。总之，heteroatoms不仅仅是有机化学中的非碳原子；它们是塑造分子特征和行为的基本组成部分。通过将heteroatoms纳入设计中，化学家可以创造出具有所需属性的物质，适用于从医学到材料科学的广泛应用。因此，深入理解heteroatoms及其对分子行为的影响对于任何在化学领域工作的人来说都是至关重要的。