sovkhozes

简明释义

英[sɒvˈkoʊzɪz]美[sɒvˈkoʊzɪz]

n. （俄）国营农场

复 数 s o v k h o z 或 s o v k h o z e s 或 s o v k h o z y

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Many workers were employed in the sovkhozes during the Soviet era.

在苏联时期，许多工人在苏维埃国营农场工作。

2.The government invested heavily in the sovkhozes to boost agricultural production.

政府在苏维埃国营农场上进行了大量投资，以提升农业生产。

3.The sovkhozes were known for their collective farming practices.

苏维埃国营农场以其集体农业实践而闻名。

4.After the collapse of the USSR, many sovkhozes struggled to adapt to the market economy.

苏联解体后，许多苏维埃国营农场在适应市场经济方面遇到了困难。

5.The history of sovkhozes reflects the broader changes in Soviet agricultural policy.

苏维埃国营农场的历史反映了苏联农业政策的更广泛变化。

作文

In the history of the Soviet Union, the term sovkhozes refers to state-owned farms that were established to promote agricultural efficiency and productivity. These farms played a significant role in the Soviet agricultural system, which was characterized by collective farming practices and centralized control. The concept of sovkhozes emerged as part of a broader strategy to increase food production and reduce reliance on private farming, which was seen as less efficient and more prone to failure due to individualistic tendencies. A sovkhoz was distinct from a kolkhoz, or collective farm, in that it was fully owned and operated by the state. Workers on sovkhozes were considered employees of the government, receiving wages and benefits similar to those in urban industries. This system aimed to provide farmers with a stable income while simultaneously ensuring that the state could maintain control over agricultural outputs. The establishment of sovkhozes began in the 1920s and continued throughout the Soviet era. By the 1970s, there were thousands of these farms across the Soviet Union, producing a significant portion of the country's agricultural output. They were often located in regions with fertile land and favorable climates, allowing for the cultivation of various crops and livestock. However, despite their intended purpose, sovkhozes faced numerous challenges. One of the primary issues was the lack of motivation among workers, who did not have personal stakes in the success of the farm. This often resulted in lower productivity levels compared to private farms, where individual farmers had a direct interest in maximizing their yields. Additionally, the bureaucratic nature of the sovkhoz system meant that decision-making processes were often slow and inefficient, further hindering agricultural progress. The decline of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s led to significant changes in the agricultural landscape. Many sovkhozes were privatized, and former workers became independent farmers or formed cooperatives. This transition brought both opportunities and challenges, as individuals sought to adapt to a market-based economy. While some former sovkhozes thrived under new ownership, others struggled to compete in a more dynamic agricultural market. Today, the legacy of sovkhozes can still be felt in post-Soviet states, where the agricultural sector continues to evolve. Understanding the historical context of sovkhozes provides valuable insights into the complexities of agricultural reform and the ongoing challenges faced by farmers in transitioning economies. As nations strive to balance productivity with sustainability, the lessons learned from the sovkhoz system remain relevant. In conclusion, while sovkhozes were initially conceived as a solution to agricultural inefficiencies, their legacy serves as a reminder of the intricate relationship between state control and individual motivation in farming practices.

在苏联历史上，术语sovkhozes指的是国家拥有的农场，这些农场的建立旨在促进农业效率和生产力。这些农场在苏联农业体系中发挥了重要作用，该体系以集体耕作实践和集中控制为特征。sovkhozes的概念作为提高粮食生产和减少对私人农业依赖的更广泛战略的一部分而出现，私人农业被视为效率较低且更容易因个人主义倾向而失败。sovkhoz与集体农场（kolkhoz）不同，因为它完全由国家拥有和运营。在sovkhozes工作的农民被视为政府的雇员，获得类似于城市工业工人的工资和福利。该系统旨在为农民提供稳定的收入，同时确保国家能够控制农业产出。sovkhozes的建立始于20世纪20年代，并持续到整个苏联时期。到20世纪70年代，苏联各地有数千个这样的农场，生产了国家农业产出的重要部分。它们通常位于土壤肥沃和气候适宜的地区，允许种植各种作物和牲畜。然而，尽管有其预期目的，sovkhozes面临着众多挑战。其中一个主要问题是缺乏工人的积极性，他们对农场的成功没有个人利益。这往往导致生产力水平低于私人农场，在私人农场中，个体农民直接有兴趣最大化他们的产量。此外，sovkhoz系统的官僚性质意味着决策过程往往缓慢且低效，进一步阻碍了农业进步。20世纪80年代末和90年代初，苏联的衰退导致农业格局发生重大变化。许多sovkhozes被私有化，前工人成为独立农民或组建合作社。这一过渡带来了机遇和挑战，因为个人寻求适应市场经济。虽然一些前sovkhozes在新所有权下蓬勃发展，但其他农场在更具活力的农业市场中竞争时却挣扎。今天，sovkhozes的遗产仍在后苏联国家中显现，这些国家的农业部门继续发展。理解sovkhozes的历史背景为农业改革的复杂性和转型经济中农民面临的持续挑战提供了宝贵的见解。当各国努力在生产力与可持续性之间取得平衡时，从sovkhoz系统中吸取的教训依然具有现实意义。总之，尽管sovkhozes最初被设想为解决农业低效的问题，但它们的遗产提醒我们国家控制与个体动机在农业实践中的复杂关系。