microscopic cross section

简明释义

微观截面

英英释义

例句

1.In particle physics, the microscopic cross section is crucial for predicting reaction rates.

在粒子物理学中，微观截面对于预测反应速率至关重要。

2.Calculating the microscopic cross section helps in designing better detectors for radiation.

计算微观截面有助于设计更好的辐射探测器。

3.The microscopic cross section can vary significantly depending on the energy of the incoming particles.

根据入射粒子的能量，微观截面可能会有显著变化。

4.The microscopic cross section of the material determines how it interacts with neutrons.

材料的微观截面决定了它与中子的相互作用。

5.Researchers measured the microscopic cross section to understand the scattering properties of the particles.

研究人员测量了微观截面以了解粒子的散射特性。

作文

In the field of nuclear physics and engineering, the term microscopic cross section refers to a measure of the probability of a specific interaction between a particle, such as a neutron, and a target nucleus. It quantifies how likely it is for an incoming particle to collide with a nucleus and undergo a particular reaction. The microscopic cross section is typically measured in units of area, such as barns, where one barn is equal to 10^-28 square meters. This concept is fundamental in understanding various nuclear processes, including fission, fusion, and scattering phenomena.To better grasp the significance of the microscopic cross section, we can consider its role in nuclear reactors. In these reactors, neutrons are used to initiate and sustain nuclear fission reactions. The likelihood of these reactions occurring is governed by the microscopic cross section of the fuel materials involved, such as uranium or plutonium. Each isotope has its own unique microscopic cross section for different types of interactions, which determines how efficiently the reactor can operate. For instance, if the microscopic cross section for fission is high, it means that a larger fraction of neutrons will cause fission reactions, leading to a more efficient energy production process.Moreover, the microscopic cross section is not only crucial in nuclear reactors but also in various applications in medical physics, radiation therapy, and even astrophysics. In radiation therapy, understanding the microscopic cross section of different tissues allows for more effective targeting of cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Similarly, in astrophysics, the microscopic cross section helps scientists understand stellar nucleosynthesis—the process by which elements are formed in stars through nuclear reactions.It is important to recognize that the microscopic cross section can vary significantly depending on the energy of the incoming particles. For example, low-energy neutrons may have a much larger microscopic cross section for certain isotopes compared to high-energy neutrons. This energy dependence is critical in designing experiments and interpreting results in both theoretical and applied physics.In conclusion, the concept of microscopic cross section is a cornerstone of nuclear science, providing essential insights into the interactions between particles and nuclei. By measuring and analyzing the microscopic cross section, researchers and engineers can optimize nuclear reactions for a variety of applications, ranging from energy production to medical treatments. As our understanding of this concept continues to evolve, it holds the potential for further advancements in technology and science, paving the way for innovative solutions to some of the world's most pressing challenges.

在核物理和工程领域，术语微观截面指的是粒子（如中子）与目标核之间特定相互作用的概率度量。它量化了入射粒子与核碰撞并发生特定反应的可能性。微观截面通常以面积单位进行测量，如巴恩，其中1个巴恩等于10^-28平方米。这个概念在理解各种核过程（包括裂变、聚变和散射现象）中是基础性的。为了更好地理解微观截面的重要性，我们可以考虑它在核反应堆中的作用。在这些反应堆中，中子被用来启动和维持核裂变反应。这些反应发生的可能性由所涉及燃料材料（如铀或钚）的微观截面决定。每种同位素对于不同类型的相互作用都有其独特的微观截面，这决定了反应堆的运行效率。例如，如果裂变的微观截面很高，这意味着更大比例的中子将导致裂变反应，从而提高能量生产过程的效率。此外，微观截面不仅在核反应堆中至关重要，而且在医学物理、放射治疗甚至天体物理学等各种应用中也发挥着重要作用。在放射治疗中，了解不同组织的微观截面可以更有效地靶向癌细胞，同时最小化对周围健康组织的损害。同样，在天体物理学中，微观截面帮助科学家理解恒星核合成——元素通过核反应在恒星中形成的过程。重要的是要认识到，微观截面会因入射粒子的能量而显著变化。例如，低能中子对于某些同位素的微观截面可能比高能中子要大得多。这种能量依赖性在设计实验和解释理论与应用物理结果时至关重要。总之，微观截面的概念是核科学的基石，为粒子与核之间的相互作用提供了基本的见解。通过测量和分析微观截面，研究人员和工程师可以优化核反应，以适应各种应用，从能源生产到医疗治疗。随着我们对这一概念的理解不断发展，它有望在技术和科学上取得进一步的进展，为解决一些世界上最紧迫的挑战铺平道路。