mass spectrometry

简明释义

质谱测定法

英英释义

例句

1.In pharmacology, mass spectrometry is essential for drug testing and development.

在药理学中，质谱分析对药物测试和开发至关重要。

2.The accuracy of mass spectrometry makes it a preferred method in environmental monitoring.

由于准确性高，质谱分析成为环境监测的首选方法。

3.The laboratory uses mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of unknown substances.

实验室使用质谱分析来分析未知物质的化学成分。

4.Researchers employed mass spectrometry to identify proteins in a complex mixture.

研究人员采用质谱分析来识别复杂混合物中的蛋白质。

5.Forensic scientists often rely on mass spectrometry to analyze crime scene evidence.

法医学家常常依赖质谱分析来分析犯罪现场的证据。

作文

Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. This method has become indispensable in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science. The basic principle of mass spectrometry (质谱法) involves ionizing chemical species and sorting the ions based on their mass and charge. By doing so, scientists can identify and quantify different substances within a sample. One of the primary advantages of mass spectrometry (质谱法) is its ability to provide precise molecular weight information, which is crucial for understanding the structure and composition of complex molecules.The technique typically involves several steps: ionization, fragmentation, acceleration, deflection, and detection. In the ionization stage, the sample is converted into ions, which can be achieved through various methods such as electron impact, chemical ionization, or electrospray ionization. Once ionized, the ions are accelerated into a vacuum where they are deflected by an electric or magnetic field. The degree of deflection depends on the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions, allowing for separation and analysis.After separation, the ions are detected, usually by a detector that converts the ion signal into an electrical signal. This data is then processed to produce a mass spectrum, which displays the relative abundance of each ion as a function of its mass-to-charge ratio. The resulting spectrum provides valuable information about the molecular weight and structure of the compounds present in the sample.One significant application of mass spectrometry (质谱法) is in the field of proteomics, where it is used to analyze proteins and their functions. Researchers can identify proteins in complex mixtures, study post-translational modifications, and even quantify protein expression levels. This capability is essential for understanding biological processes and diseases at a molecular level.Moreover, mass spectrometry (质谱法) plays a crucial role in drug development. It helps in the identification of potential drug candidates, the analysis of drug metabolism, and the monitoring of drug levels in biological samples. By providing detailed information about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, mass spectrometry (质谱法) aids researchers in designing safer and more effective therapeutic agents.In environmental science, mass spectrometry (质谱法) is employed to detect pollutants and trace contaminants in various matrices, including air, water, and soil. Its high sensitivity allows for the detection of even trace levels of harmful substances, making it an essential tool for environmental monitoring and regulatory compliance.Despite its numerous advantages, mass spectrometry (质谱法) also presents some challenges. The complexity of the samples, potential interferences, and the need for skilled operators can complicate the analysis process. Furthermore, the interpretation of mass spectra requires a deep understanding of the underlying chemistry and instrumentation.In conclusion, mass spectrometry (质谱法) is a versatile and powerful tool that has transformed the way scientists analyze and understand chemical and biological systems. Its applications span across multiple disciplines, providing critical insights into molecular structures, interactions, and dynamics. As technology continues to advance, the capabilities of mass spectrometry (质谱法) will undoubtedly expand, leading to new discoveries and innovations in science and medicine.

质谱法是一种强大的分析技术，用于测量离子的质荷比。这种方法在化学、生物学和环境科学等多个领域变得不可或缺。质谱法的基本原理涉及将化学物质电离，并根据其质量和电荷对离子进行分类。通过这样做，科学家可以识别和定量样本中的不同物质。质谱法的一个主要优点是能够提供精确的分子量信息，这对于理解复杂分子的结构和组成至关重要。该技术通常包括几个步骤：电离、碎片化、加速、偏转和检测。在电离阶段，样品被转化为离子，这可以通过电子轰击、化学电离或电喷雾电离等多种方法实现。一旦电离，离子就会被加速进入真空中，在那里它们会被电场或磁场偏转。偏转的程度取决于离子的质荷比，从而允许分离和分析。分离后，离子会被检测，通常通过一个将离子信号转换为电信号的探测器。然后处理这些数据以生成质谱图，该图显示每个离子的相对丰度与其质荷比之间的关系。由此产生的谱图提供了关于样本中化合物的分子量和结构的宝贵信息。质谱法的一个重要应用是在蛋白质组学领域，它用于分析蛋白质及其功能。研究人员可以识别复杂混合物中的蛋白质，研究翻译后修饰，甚至定量蛋白质表达水平。这种能力对于理解生物过程和疾病在分子层面的机制至关重要。此外，质谱法在药物开发中也发挥着关键作用。它有助于识别潜在的药物候选物，分析药物代谢，并监测生物样本中的药物水平。通过提供关于药物的药代动力学和药效学的详细信息，质谱法帮助研究人员设计更安全、更有效的治疗药物。在环境科学中，质谱法用于检测空气、水和土壤等各种基质中的污染物和痕量污染物。其高灵敏度使其能够检测到即使是微量的有害物质，使其成为环境监测和法规合规的重要工具。尽管有许多优点，质谱法也存在一些挑战。样本的复杂性、潜在的干扰以及对熟练操作员的需求可能会使分析过程复杂。此外，质谱图的解释需要对基础化学和仪器有深入的理解。总之，质谱法是一种多功能且强大的工具，改变了科学家分析和理解化学和生物系统的方式。它的应用跨越多个学科，为分子结构、相互作用和动态提供了关键见解。随着技术的不断进步，质谱法的能力无疑会扩展，导致科学和医学领域的新发现和创新。